RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that consumption of Vitis vinifera seed by diabetics could help to ameliorate myocardial damage. Therefore, in this study, we investigated effects of V. vinifera seed methanolic extract (VVSME) on parameters related to myocardial damage in diabetes with or without myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats received oral VVSME for 28days. MI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol on last two days. Prior to sacrifice, blood was collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile and insulin levels were measured. Levels of serum cardiac injury marker (troponin-I and CK-MB) were determined and histopathological changes in the heart were observed following harvesting. Levels of oxidative stress (LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx and RAGE), inflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) and cardiac ATPases (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase) were determined in heart homogenates. LC-MS was used to identify constituents in the extracts. RESULTS: Consumption of VVSME by diabetic rats with or without MI improved the metabolic profiles while decreased the cardiac injury marker levels with lesser myocardial damage observed. Additionally, VVSME consumption reduced the levels of LPO, RAGE, TNF-α, Iκκß, NF-κß, IL-1ß and IL-6 while increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase in the infarcted and non-infarcted heart of diabetic rats (p<0.05). LC-MS analysis revealed 17 major compounds in VVSME which might be responsible for the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of VVSME by diabetics helps to ameliorate damage to the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac ATPases dysfunctions.

Asunto(s)

Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Extracto de Semillas de Uva/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Vitis , Animales , Inflamación/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Niacinamida/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: The effect of C. borivilianum root on blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbAIc), insulin and lipid profile levels in diabetes mellitus are not fully understood. This study therefore investigated the effect of C. borivilianum root on the above parameters and oxidative stress of the pancreas in diabetes. METHODS: C. borivilianum root aqueous extract (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) was administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic rats for 28 days. Body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile levels and glucose homeostasis indices were determined. Histopathological changes and oxidative stress parameters i.e. lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes activity levels of the pancreas were investigated. RESULTS: C. borivilianum root extract treatment to diabetic rats maintained near normal body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and insulin levels with higher HOMA-ß cell functioning index, number of Islets/pancreas, number of ß-cells/Islets however with lower HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) index as compared to non-treated diabetic rats. Negative correlations between serum insulin and blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were observed. C. borivilianum root extract administration prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and the decrease in activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with mild histopathological changes in the pancreas of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: C. borivilianum root maintains near normal levels of these metabolites and prevented oxidative stress-induced damage to the pancreas in diabetes.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/sangre , Liliaceae/química , Lípidos/sangre , Páncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that C. borivilianum root, known to improve male reproductive performance, prevents impairment in characteristics, morphology and elevation of oxidative stress in sperm of diabetics. We therefore investigated the effect of aqueous root extract of C. borivilianum on these parameters in diabetic rat model. METHODS: C. borivilianum root aqueous extract (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) or glibenclamide (600 µg/kg/day) were administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats for 28 consecutive days. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed and sperm were collected. Sperm count and percentages of forward motility, viability, hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) tail-coiled and abnormal sperm were evaluated. Sperm lipid peroxidation product (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), activity levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT and glutathione peroxidase-GPx), epididymal sperm density, serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c levels were measured. The expression of sperm caspase-3 was assessed. Meanwhile, in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of C. borivilianum root extract was determined and the root extract was analyzed for the presence of bioactive compounds by FTIR spectroscopy. RESULTS: C. borivilianum root aqueous extract prevents the decrease in sperm count, percentages of forward motility, viability, HOS and the increase in abnormal sperm percentage and caspase-3 level in diabetic rats. Sperm LPO, H2O2 and NO levels, FBG and HbA1c were lower while TAC, SOD, CAT, GPx and epididymal sperm density were higher in diabetic rats receiving C. borivilianum root extract treatment. C. borivilianum root exhibited strong in-vitro free radical scavenging activity which may be due to the phenolic compound. CONCLUSIONS: C. borivilianum root extract prevents impairment in sperm characteristics and morphology via preventing elevation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and free radicals levels of the sperm in diabetes. These effects may be achieved through maintaining sperm antioxidant level which could be related to free radical scavenging activity of the root extract by phenolic compounds. These effects could also be due to ability of the extract to maintain near normal serum FBG and HBA1c levels in diabetes.

Asunto(s)

Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Infertilidad Masculina/prevención & control , Liliaceae/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Glucemia/metabolismo , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/enzimología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/etiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/inducido químicamente , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Infertilidad Masculina/enzimología , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Infertilidad Masculina/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Raíces de Plantas/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/citología , Espermatozoides/enzimología , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Estreptozocina , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Computational genomics is one of the important tools to understand the distribution of closely related genomes including simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in an organism, which gives valuable information regarding genetic variations. The central objective of the present study was to screen the SSRs distributed in coding and non-coding regions among different human Brucella species which are involved in a range of pathological disorders. Computational analysis of the SSRs in the Brucella indicates few deviations from expected random models. Statistical analysis also reveals that tri-nucleotide SSRs are overrepresented and tetranucleotide SSRs underrepresented in Brucella genomes. From the data, it can be suggested that over expressed tri-nucleotide SSRs in genomic and coding regions might be responsible in the generation of functional variation of proteins expressed which in turn may lead to different pathogenicity, virulence determinants, stress response genes, transcription regulators and host adaptation proteins of Brucella genomes. ABBREVIATIONS: SSRs - Simple Sequence Repeats, ORFs - Open Reading Frames.