RESUMEN
This study investigated the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in urine cultures from 38 hospitalized patients. Nine serotypes were detected, and a large proportion was Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The strains presented resistance to 11 different antibiotics. Thirteen isolates (11 from serotype Typhimurium) exhibited multidrug resistance.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/fisiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Orina/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Salmonella/orina , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Serotipificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are the main cause of human food-borne infection, including several hospitalization cases in the developing countries. Aim: To detect the main serotypes and to characterize the antibiotic resistance of human non-enteric and enteric nontyphoidal Salmonella from clinical isolates in Brazil. Methods: Salmonella serotypes were identified by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was performed by agar disk diffusion. Real-time PCRs were carried out for the detection of the genus Salmonella as well as serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Results: A total of 307 nontyphoidal Salmonella were isolated from 289 different patients in a reference laboratory (LACEN-RS) from Southern Brazil in a six-year period (2010-2015). There were 45 isolates from emerging cases and 244 from sporadic cases in hospitalized patients. Non-enteric isolates were detected in 42.6% of the patients from sources such as urine, blood and other clinical fluids. Serological and PCR-specific tests demonstrated that Typhimurium (48.4%) and Enteritidis (18.3%) were the most frequent serotypes. Typhimurium isolates were generally resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, while Enteritidis isolates to one or two classes. Typhimurium was the most frequent serotype in all samples (48.4%), mainly among the hospitalized patients (55.6%), and presented the highest rates of multidrug resistance (59.3% of the isolates of this serotype). Further, the prevalence of this serotype increased along the years of the study in comparison to other nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes. Conclusion: Greater public health attention should be given to prevent salmonellosis in the community and in hospital settings to reduce the rates of Typhimurium strains with multidrug resistance.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Serotipificación , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Serogrupo , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are the main cause of human food-borne infection, including several hospitalization cases in the developing countries. AIM: To detect the main serotypes and to characterize the antibiotic resistance of human non-enteric and enteric nontyphoidal Salmonella from clinical isolates in Brazil. METHODS: Salmonella serotypes were identified by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was performed by agar disk diffusion. Real-time PCRs were carried out for the detection of the genus Salmonella as well as serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis. RESULTS: A total of 307 nontyphoidal Salmonella were isolated from 289 different patients in a reference laboratory (LACEN-RS) from Southern Brazil in a six-year period (2010-2015). There were 45 isolates from emerging cases and 244 from sporadic cases in hospitalized patients. Non-enteric isolates were detected in 42.6% of the patients from sources such as urine, blood and other clinical fluids. Serological and PCR-specific tests demonstrated that Typhimurium (48.4%) and Enteritidis (18.3%) were the most frequent serotypes. Typhimurium isolates were generally resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, while Enteritidis isolates to one or two classes. Typhimurium was the most frequent serotype in all samples (48.4%), mainly among the hospitalized patients (55.6%), and presented the highest rates of multidrug resistance (59.3% of the isolates of this serotype). Further, the prevalence of this serotype increased along the years of the study in comparison to other nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes. CONCLUSION: Greater public health attention should be given to prevent salmonellosis in the community and in hospital settings to reduce the rates of Typhimurium strains with multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Serogrupo , Serotipificación , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether dipsogenic stimuli influences the sodium appetite of rats with ibotenic acid lesion of the dorsal raphe nucleus (IBO-DRN). Compared to control, rats microinjected with phosphate buffer (PB-DRN), the ingestion of 0.3M NaCl was enhanced in IBO-DRN at 21 and 35 days after DRN lesion under a protocol of fluids and food deprivation. Despite of similar dipsogenic response observed both in IBO-DRN and PB-DRN treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 300 microg/kg, sc), the 0.3M NaCl intake was again significantly enhanced in IBO-DRN at 21 and 35 days post-lesion. Finally, treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW=20,000, 20%, w/v, 16.7 ml/kg, sc) induced higher dipsogenic response in IBO-DRN than PB-DRN at 21 day after lesion. In addition, IBO-DRN also expressed higher sodium appetite than PB-DRN, concomitantly with a drinking response. These results suggest that ibotenic lesion of DRN promote an increase of the brain angiotensinergic response, possibly settled within the subfornical organ, through paradigms which increase circulating ANG II levels. The current paper supports the hypothesis that the ibotenic lesion of DRN suppresses a serotonergic component implicated on the modulation of the sodium appetite and, therefore, furthering homeostatic restoration of extracellular fluid volume.