RESUMEN
Firefighters are known to be exposed to a wide variety of combustion products during operational and training firefighting activities. However, the potential for exposure to diesel exhaust emissions, recently classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, also exists within the fire station environment. In this study, concentrations of diesel particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been measured in the engine bays, duty offices and dormitory areas of eight fire stations in Queensland, Australia. Operation of fire appliances and mechanical equipment during start of shift checks were found to contribute more strongly to overall engine bay diesel particulate matter concentrations than the number of fire appliance departures and returns. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found to be transported further into fire station living environments than diesel particulate matter. This study highlights a number of potential strategies for reducing firefighter exposures to components of diesel engine exhaust in the fire station environment.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Bomberos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Material Particulado/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Emisiones de Vehículos/análisis , Carcinógenos/análisis , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , QueenslandRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. As the risk factors for hip fracture often persist after the original injury, patients remain at risk for sequential fractures. Our aim was to report the incidence, epidemiology, and outcome of sequential hip fracture in the elderly. METHODS: Data were collected during the acute hospital stay and at 120 days after admission from twenty-two acute orthopaedic units across Scotland between January 1998 and December 2005. These data were analyzed according to two separate time periods: by six-month intervals up to eight years after the primary fracture and by twenty-day intervals for the first two years after the primary fracture. RESULTS: The risk of sequential fracture was highest in the first twelve months, affecting 3% of surviving patients and decreasing to 2% per survival year thereafter. Survival to twelve months after sequential fracture was 63% compared with 68% for those with a single fracture (p = 0.03). Sequential hip fracture was also associated with greater loss of independent mobility and changes in residential status compared with single fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential hip fracture is a relatively rare injury. Individuals who sustain this injury combination have poorer outcomes both in terms of survival and functional status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Asunto(s)
Fijación Interna de Fracturas/mortalidad , Fracturas de Cadera/epidemiología , Fracturas de Cadera/cirugía , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Intervalos de Confianza , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Curación de Fractura/fisiología , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Fracturas de Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Incidencia , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Radiografía , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Análisis de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas , Fracturas de Cadera/rehabilitación , Pacientes Internos , Osteoporosis/epidemiología , Características de la Residencia , Accidentes Domésticos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Casas de Salud , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Factores de Riesgo , EscociaRESUMEN
A case of yellow nail syndrome in an 88-year-old man in association with renal cell carcinoma was reported.