RESUMEN

Thousands of people living in semi-arid regions face problems of drought and loss of water quality. In addition, high incidence of acute diarrheal diseases related to water consumption has been responsible for a high number of deaths and high economic costs for human health. Many of the diseases can be caused by the presence of enterobacteria in reservoirs that serve for multiple purposes. This study aimed to confirm the presence of potentially harmful bacteria, which was highlighted in other articles, and to reveal non-identified genera by culture-dependent methods and pyrosequencing. Twenty-three genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family were detected, with emphasis on Escherichia genus and confirmation of the presence of species such as Salmonella enterica and Enterobacter cloacae. The abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and the physical and chemical data show an expected average for this type of environment due to the numbers historically presented in previous articles. The unprecedented detection of the presence of some potentially pathogenic species can alert and raise awareness of the populations that use stored water in the semi-arid regions. Consequently, as a result of the peculiar characteristics of reservoirs under this climate influence, there is a cosmopolitanism of enterobacteria that may be related to the alarming numbers of infections from Waterborne Diseases.

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RESUMEN

Listagens de espécies são importantes para o conhecimento da biota de um local, sua ecologia e para podermos dimensionar sua exploração econômica, biotecnológica e conservação. Neste trabalho foram levantados os dados de protozoários (ciliados, amebas nuas, amebas com carapaça, heliozoários e flagelados heterotróficos) de água doce do Estado de São Paulo. De 75 ambientes que foram analisados até o momento, foram registrados um total de 471 diferentes taxa de protozoários distribuídos em 218 generos e 304 espécies. Dos grupos de protozoários avaliados, os mais bem representados foram os ciliados com 160 gêneros e 219 espécies. Dentre os ciliados ocorrerem dois novos registros: Neobursaridium gigas Balech, 1941 para o Brasil e Loxodes rex Dragesco, 1970 para a América do Sul.

Species checklists are important to know the local biodiversity, its ecology and scale its biotechnological and economic exploration and conservation. In this work the protozoan data (ciliates, naked amoebas, tecamoebas, heliozoans and heterotrophic flagellates) from São Paulo State have been listed. From 75 environments analized to this moment, 471 different protozoan taxa were recorded, distributed in 218 genera and 304 species. From the protozoan groups analyzed, the most representative was the ciliate with 160 genera and 219 species. Among the ciliates, two were new records: Neobursaridium gigas Balech, 1941 to Brazil and Loxodes rex Dragesco, 1970 to South America.

RESUMEN

Whole cells of the marine fungi Aspergillus sydowii Gc12, Penicillium raistrickii Ce16, P. miczynskii Gc5, and Trichoderma sp. Gc1, isolated from marine sponges of the South Atlantic Ocean (Brazil), have been screened for the enzymatic resolution of (±)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)oxirane (benzyl glycidyl ether; 1). Whole cells of A. sydowii Gc12 catalyzed the enzymatic hydrolysis of (R,S)-1 to yield (R)-1 with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 24-46% and 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol (2) with ee values <10%. In contrast, whole cells of Trichoderma sp. Gc1 afforded (S)-1 with ee values up to 60% and yields up to 39%, together with (R)-2 in 25% yield and an ee of 32%. This is the first published example of the hydrolysis of 1 by whole cells of marine fungi isolated from the South Atlantic Ocean. The hydrolases from the two studied fungi exhibited complementary regioselectivity in opening the epoxide ring of racemic 1, with those of A. sydowii Gc12 showing an (S) preference and those of Trichoderma sp. Gc1 presenting an (R) preference for the substrate.

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