RESUMEN
This article reviews the literature on psychosocial factors associated with sickle cell disease and health care utilization. The Health Belief Model is proposed as a framework that may help guide our understanding about how these variables influence health care utilization. Since the existing literature on psychosocial variables and health care utilization among sickle cell disease patients is scant, studies from related behavioral medicine research will be presented as a basis for future research. This review suggests that identifying modifiable psychosocial variables associated with utilization could aid in the development of interventions aimed at reducing utilization and thereby reducing health care costs.
Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/psicología , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Adaptación Psicológica , Anemia de Células Falciformes/economía , Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Control de Costos , Mal Uso de los Servicios de Salud/economía , Mal Uso de los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Derivación y Consulta/economía , Rol del EnfermoRESUMEN
There is a body of research which indicates that endorsement of positive alcohol expectancies predicts alcohol drinking patterns; however, there is inconsistency in the literature regarding which particular alcohol expectancies predict drinking. Although an individual may endorse a variety of alcohol expectancy beliefs, these beliefs may not be of equal importance to drinking decisions. This study investigated whether the prediction of drinking might be enhanced by considering salience of alcohol expectancies rather than mere endorsement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that expectancy salience significantly improved the prediction of total alcohol consumption above and beyond the effects of expectancy endorsement. Expectancy salience was less effective as a predictor of heavy drinking.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/psicología , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Disposición en Psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The current study examined the role of alcohol expectancies and parental alcoholism in prospectively predicting alcohol consumption and consequences among early adolescents. We examined whether personal effects expectancies would predict "problem" alcohol use outcomes and if social effects expectancies would predict "normal" alcohol consumption. Although confirmatory factor analytic techniques showed considerable overlap between personal and social effects expectancies, we found evidence to suggest that distinctiveness between these constructs may increase at higher levels of alcohol consumption. Regression analyses supported the utility of alcohol expectancies in prospectively predicting alcohol consequences over and above pre-existing alcohol consumption, and parental alcoholism. However, there was no consistent support for the hypothesis that personal and social effects expectancies predicted different types of drinking outcomes, possibly because of the young age of the current sample.