RESUMEN
A 7-year-old Mexican boy with end-stage cirrhosis underwent liver transplantation and was maintained with cyclosporine and prednisolone. No specific data about Toxoplasma gondii or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in the cadaver donor were available. The recipient was seronegative for Toxoplasma, but CMV-IgG positive before transplantation. Ganciclovir was administered for prophylaxis during 3 months, but 5 months later he presented with icterus and increased transaminases. Acute transplant rejection was ruled out by biopsy. A seroconversion for T. gondii IgM and IgG and a small increase in CMV-IgM antibodies were observed, although the CMV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative. Ganciclovir was re-started, and the patient improved, but 6 months later he relapsed, and chorioretinitis lesions compatible both with T. gondii and CMV infections appeared. Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid, and ganciclovir were administered. The boy showed favorable clinical improvement and remained stable for 12 months. Then, new retinal CMV lesions appeared in both eyes and the PCR for CMV became positive; therefore, the patient received a new regimen of ganciclovir, and clinically improved. From these data we concluded that the child presented a reactivation of CMV and a primary infection with T. gondii after transplantation.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/parasitología , Citomegalovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Trasplante de Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/parasitología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/virología , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasmosis/virología , Animales , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Niño , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , Ganciclovir/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Toxoplasmosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
SUMMARY. This study aimed to genotype infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates from the Minas Gerais state poultry industry. RNA was extracted from bursae obtained from field cases without passage or commercial vaccines. Genetic subtyping of IBDV isolates and vaccine strains was carried out by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A 588-bp fragment in the VP1 gene, an 847-bp fragment in the VP2 gene, and a 320-bp fragment in the VP3 gene were amplified by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes PstI and ScaI (VP1); BamHI, BstEII, and PstI (VP2); and NcoI, ScaI, and XbaI (VP3). Our work shows that complementing the clinical history of the outbreaks with RT-PCR followed by RFLP analysis using PstI for VP1, BamHI for VP2, and XbaI for VP3 allowed an accurate classification of a causative agent as a very virulent IBDV.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/virología , Genes Virales , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/genética , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Infecciones por Birnaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Birnaviridae/virología , Brasil , ADN Viral/genética , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/clasificación , Virus de la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bolsa/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Vacunas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
Effect of albendazole, metronidazole and nitazoxanide on the viability and structure of Giardia lamblia cysts isolates from infected children. The viability was evaluated by inducing excystation in a low-pH solution followed by an incubation in TYI-S culture medium. Nitazoxanide exhibited potent inhibitory effect (100%), metronidazole (79%) and albendazole (31%). The analysis among groups indicated a rs = 0.75 and p < 0.05. By TEM the cysts incubated with albendazole did not show morphological changes; with metronidazole, the formation of residual bodies in the nucleus border was observed. Incubated with nitazoxanide the damage to the cyst wall was evident, with the formation of areas with a granular content and the presence of cytoplasmic components in the peritrophic space. Our results propose that nitazoxanide showed a high effect on the viability and structure of G. lamblia cysts.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Giardia lamblia/efectos de los fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacología , Tiazoles/farmacología , Animales , Giardia lamblia/aislamiento & purificación , Giardia lamblia/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , NitrocompuestosRESUMEN
Four cases of trichinosis found in a family living in Iztapalapa, Mexico, D.F. are reported. The family reported to frequently eat raw sausage originally from Villanueva, Zacatecas from which Trichinella spiralis larvae were isolated. Diagnosis was difficult in the first case since no epidemiological history was associated with the patient, besides the fact that the patient showed no signs of eosinophilia and blood tests were negative. The diagnosis in this case was confirmed through muscular biopsy. The predominating symptomatology consisted in the trilogy of fever, eyelid edema and myalgias.