RESUMEN
In this present study, antioxidant status was evaluated in rat serum following exposure to magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The lungs of rats were intratracheally instilled with (single dose) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) + 1% of Tween 80 (solvent control) or MgO or carbonyl iron (negative control) or quartz particles (positive control) at a dose of 1 and 5 mg/kg of body weight. The blood samples were collected at 1, 7, and 30 days of postinstillation of nanoparticles after their exposure, and different parameters were estimated to assess the oxidative stress induced by the instillation of MgO. Exposure of rats to MgO produced a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity levels than PBS + 1% Tween 80 control group. This reduction in the antioxidant capacity in MgO nanoparticle-exposed rats indicates the reduction in antioxidant defense mechanisms due to the instillation of MgO. These results indicate that exposure to MgO nanoparticles induces oxidative stress by reducing the total antioxidant capacity in rats. The findings suggest possible occupational health hazard in chronic exposures.
Asunto(s)
Óxido de Magnesio/toxicidad , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Administración por Inhalación , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Catalasa/sangre , Óxido de Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangreRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Hiptage bengalensis (L.) kurz (MEHB) in rats. Hepatic damage was induced by administration of carbontetrachloride(1 ml/kg, b.w, p.o.) in combination with liquid paraffin (1:1) as a single dose on 7th day. The extent of liver damage was studied by estimating biochemical parameters. Administration of MEHB (200 mg & 400 mg/kg) for 6 days before carbontetrachloride administration showed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of serum liver damage enzymes markers-aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Histopathological changes of hepatic tissue were also evaluated in control and MEHB treated groups. Results also indicated that MEHB possessed potential antioxidant effect by increasing the levels of glutathione and also possessed free radical scavenging activities. The hepatoprotective effect of Hiptage bengalensis (L.) kurz was comparable to standard drug silymarin (50 mg/kg).
Asunto(s)
Tetracloruro de Carbono/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/prevención & control , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Malpighiaceae/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Metanol/química , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
In this study, we have evaluated the pulmonary toxicity of intratracheally (i.t.) instilled two multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in rats. The lungs of rats were instilled with phosphate buffered saline + 1% of Tween 80 or MWCNT or carbonyl iron or quartz particles at a dose of 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg b.w. Following exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected from the lungs to analyze lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid peroxidation products (MDA; malondialdehyde), and total microprotein (MTP) levels at 24 h, one week, one month, and three months post instillation periods. The lungs of particle exposed rats were also collected at the same intervals to evaluate for histopathology. Exposures of MWCNT and quartz particles to rats produced transient dose dependant increase in BAL fluid LDH, ALP, MDA, and MTP values than control at all post exposure periods. Results of lung histopathology revealed that exposure of MWCNT produced a dose dependant focal peribronchiolar lymphoid aggregates, foamy alveolar macrophage accumulation, lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, fibrosis and diffuse alveolar damage. In conclusion, instillation of MWCNT produced a greater pulmonary toxicity in rats and was comparable with that of quartz.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Nanotubos de Carbono/efectos adversos , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Pulmón/enzimología , Lesión Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Nanotubos de Carbono/ultraestructura , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Cuarzo/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in rat serum following intra-tracheal instillation of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The lungs of rats were intra-tracheally instilled with (single dose of) Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)+1% of Tween 80 (Solvent Control) or MWCNT or carbonyl Iron (negative control) or quartz particles (positive control) at a dose of 0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg body weight. Following exposure, the blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 30 and 90 days of post instillation of nanoparticles and different parameters were estimated to assess the oxidative stress induced by the instillation of MWCNT. Exposure of MWCNT to rats produced a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction of blood total anti-oxidant capacity, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and increased lipid peroxidation product, (Malondialdehyde) levels than PBS+1% Tween 80 control group. This reduction in the total anti-oxidant capacity in nanotubes exposed rats indicates the reduction in anti-oxidant deference mechanisms due to the instillation of MWCNT. These results indicate that, exposure of multi wall carbon nanotubes induces oxidative stress by reducing the total anti-oxidant capacity in rats. The findings suggest possible occupational health hazard in chronic exposures.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangreRESUMEN
This study evaluated the ability of the multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to induce extra pulmonary toxicities in rats following intra-tracheal (IT) instillation of two MWCNT. Two carbon nanoparticles were instilled into the lungs of rats (0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg b.w.) and at different post-exposure intervals, blood and organs like liver, kidney, etc. were collected. The histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed a dose-dependent periportal lymphocytic infiltration, ballooning, foamy degeneration, and necrosis at all post-instillation periods. However, examination of kidney revealed the tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis with 5 mg/kg dose at 1 month of post-instillation of both MWCNT. These liver and kidney toxicities were further confirmed by the elevated levels of respective tissue damage biomarkers. These results suggest the extra pulmonary toxicities of these carbon nanoparticles might be due to the translocation into the liver and kidney.