RESUMEN
Primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1-CREB1 fusion is an extremely rare tumor. Its clinical manifestation is unspecific and only molecular genetic method can proof this diagnosis. This paper describes an unusual clinical presentation of primary pulmonary myxoid sarcoma in a 68-year-old patient with involvement of both lungs.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Sarcoma , Humanos , Anciano , Sarcoma/genética , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Proteína de Unión a Elemento de Respuesta al AMP Cíclico/genética , Proteína EWS de Unión a ARN/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Assessment of FGFR2 status in gastric cancer is an important task, without clarification of which it is impossible to identify a cohort of patients in whom the best response to treatment with anti-FGFR2 drugs could be obtained. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative analysis of the expression and amplification of the FGFR2 gene in gastric cancer in primary tumors and metastases in the lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: FGFR2 status was studied in 61 patients with stage III gastric adenocarcinoma using an immunohistochemical method (Abcam clone EPR24075-418, R&D clone 98706, Santa Cruz clone C-8, Abcam clone 1G3) and FISH. RESULTS: The antibody Abcam clone EPR24075-418 was found satisfactory for the immunohistochemical study of FGFR2. FGFR2 expression was detected in 26 (43%) cases, amplification in 5 (8%) cases. Amplification of FGFR2 in 4 cases out of 5 was accompanied by the expression of 3+, in 1 case - 2+. Discordance between FGFR2 expression in primary tumor and lymph node metastases was revealed in 13 (21%) cases. CONCLUSION: Clone EPR24075-418 showed the best result in assessing the expression of FGFR2: the correlation with FISH results in reaction 3+ was 100%. Due to the high heterogeneity of FGFR2 expression, it is recommended to either examine the material of the primary tumor and metastasis, or evaluate a large volume of the primary tumor.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Metástasis Linfática/genética , Amplificación de GenesRESUMEN
This article presents a case of successful treatment of inoperable gastric cancer with impaired mismatched nucleotide repair system (dMMR/MSI-H) in a 72-year-old patient. In view of age, somatic status and the presence of comorbidity, it was decided to prescribe anti-PD-1 therapy in the 1st line of treatment. Currently, after a 2-year course of treatment, the patient is in stable remission.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Anciano , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , ADNRESUMEN
Microsatellite instability, which is caused by a deficiency in the DNA unpaired nucleotide repair system, is an important pathogenetic event for some tumors. In addition, the detection of this molecular feature becomes an independent prognostic factor in the course of the disease and a predictor for the appointment of therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry is a reliable and available method for detecting a deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair system, and it has recommended as a screening for hereditary syndromes associated with microsatellite instability. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this research method from the point of view of the practitioner.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , ADN , Repeticiones de MicrosatéliteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study a relationship of survival rates to the expression of major genes (p53, PTEN, COX2, pRb and others) involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 23 patients with Stages III-IV ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Of them, 11 patients showed a long overall survival (median 50 ± 2.5 months), 12 did a short one (14.5 ± 0.7 months). Ovarian adenocarcinomas were high- and low-grade in 20 (87%) and 3 (13%) cases, respectively. RESULTS: Estimating the relationship of the expression of the examined markers and the prognosis of the disease showed that the expression of p53 and Rb was more common in the patients with a short overall survival (median 14.5 versus 50 months; p = 0.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The expression of mutant p53 protein and that of retinoblastoma (Rb) gene protein are poor prognostic factors for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patología , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/biosíntesis , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/mortalidad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/genética , Neoplasias Glandulares y Epiteliales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to estimate the predictive and prognostic factors using morphological studies in patients with colon cancer to increase survival rates. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical examination was made in 582 patients with colon adenocarcinoma, by determining 11 different indicators relating to the development of the tumor and its treatment. RESULTS: The simultaneous determination of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and proliferative activity (Ki-67 expression) can define disease prognosis in view of relapse-survival rates in patients with Stage II colon cancer after radical surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase are of predictive value. The immunohistochemical examination of other markers, such as ALDH1, CCR10, ERCC-1, DYPD, topoisomerase II alpha, and class III beta-tubulin for the choice of treatment policy for patients with colon cancer has indicated that they are of no value.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Antígeno Ki-67/biosíntesis , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Receptores CXCR4/biosíntesis , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biosíntesis , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Estadificación de Neoplasias , PronósticoRESUMEN
Adenocarcinoma of the colon in 10-20% is associated with microsatellite instability, which can occur both in sporadic cancers and in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Our analysis of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon showed that microsatellite instability (MSI-H) was found only in 1.5% of patients. Subsequent choice of patients with suspected hereditary Lynch syndrome led to the identification of additional 17 patients with microsatellite instability. They passed an analysis of genes of repair system of unpaired nucleotides of DNA. The study showed that immunohistochemical staining of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 could effectively conduct a preliminary screening of the Lynch syndrome but was unable to divide cases of sporadic and hereditary MSI-H colon cancer.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/análisis , Adenocarcinoma/química , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias del Colon/química , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/química , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/análisis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/análisis , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Proteína 2 Homóloga a MutS/análisis , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Endonucleasa PMS2 de Reparación del Emparejamiento Incorrecto , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína MutL , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Correlation between level of ALDH1 expression and metastases development in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was not revealed. Proliferation of stem cancer cells (ALDH1-positive) was significantly lower comparatively ALDH-1 negative tumor cells (p < 0.001). Proliferation of stem cancer cells vary from 0,1% to 10%.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Immunohistochemical investigation of 15 different markers in colon adenocarcinoma was carried out. Prognostic significance showed chemokine receptor CXCR4 and Ki-67. Predictive significance was revealed for thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP).
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Receptores CXCR4/análisis , Timidina Fosforilasa/análisis , Timidilato Sintasa/análisis , Adenocarcinoma/química , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias del Colon/química , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Endometrial tumor, similar to sex cord tumors of the ovary is a rare variant of the tumor with a predominantly favorable clinical course. It can be falsely diagnosed as endometrial stromal sarcoma, which has a pronounced aggressiveness with possible fatal consequences. This tumor is poorly represented in the literature. To correct this deficiency this observation is presented.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Estromático Endometrial/diagnóstico , Tumores de los Cordones Sexuales y Estroma de las Gónadas/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Carcinogénesis , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinogénesis/inmunología , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/inmunología , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/inmunología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/inmunología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Receptores de Quimiocina/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/patología , Posmenopausia , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Fifty-four (54) breast cancer patients, receiving tamoxifen, were enrolled into an evaluation of the status of the endometrium. Liquid-based cytology and immuno-cytochemical analysis were used for assessment. Our method proved viable in selective screening for differential diagnosis of endometrial pathology and cancer detection.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Hormonales/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Preparación Histocitológica/métodos , Tamoxifeno/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/administración & dosificación , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endometrio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/análisis , Receptores de Estrógenos/análisis , Receptores de Progesterona/análisis , Tamoxifeno/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Uterinas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologíaRESUMEN
Efficacy of liquid cytology, on the one hand, and those of standard one, appraisal of high risk of cancer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of human papillomavirus infection and immunohistochemical assay of p16ink4 high risk in cervical carcinoma diagnosis, on the other, was evaluated PCR of high risk of cancer (dysplasia-free) was detected in 73% (n = 73), CIN I-II--78%, CIN II-III--89%, CIN III and carcinoma--100%. p16ink4 was not detected in dysplasia-free cases and it was--(16%) in CIN I-II, (89%) CIN II-III, (90%) CIN III and (100%)--in carcinoma. Hence, unlike p16ink4 expression (p < or = 0.001), a correlation between the increase in the number of those infected with papillomavirus was not significantly higher than that of dysplasia grade (p < or = 0.05). It is suggested that combined use of liquid cytology and immunohistochemical assay of p16ink4 is more effective.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/análisis , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/complicaciones , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Alphapapillomavirus , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/química , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/química , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virologíaRESUMEN
Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is one of the most important problems of modern oncology. Trepan biopsy and further histological investigation are the standards for examination of patients with prostate neoplasms. Our investigations of 56 cases have indicated that in 27% of the cases, histological investigation is insufficient to make a valid diagnosis. In such cases, immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of high-molecular-weight cytokeratins and p63 allows differentiation of carcinoma from benign masses of the prostate, which may be used to enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Queratinas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Transactivadores/biosíntesis , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/biosíntesis , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
An assessment was undertaken of survival and prognosis in 30 patients with primary disseminated breast tumors which disintegrated following palliative mastectomy carried out for sanitary purposes. That resulted in significant improvement in general condition, higher hemoglobulin and lowered intoxication which in turn made medication and radiotherapy possible: chemotherapy (4-6 cycles) followed by hormonal therapy (22-73.3%), hormonal therapy (8-26.7%), and radiotherapy for surgical scar (16-53.3%). All patients were followed up for 18 months (median--3.8 years). Tumor progression at different stages was detected in 12 (40%); local recurrences--8 out of them (26.7%). By the time of investigation, 9 (20%) out of 30, had died of tumor progression while 21 (80%) continued their treatment at the Institute's Clinic. Mean survival was 21.5 +/-2.2 months (median--19 (8-60+)). Our method proved effective due to high survival (median--18 months) and significant improvement in quality of life. However, visceral metastases (p = 0.02) and tumor growth duration (p = 0.05) were of prognostic significance. Such characteristics as presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors of tumor, histological pattern, and anemia appeared insignificant, as far as prognosis was concerned. Function chi2 difference was highly significant (Cox) (p = 0.00013).
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Mastectomía Radical Modificada , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Moduladores de los Receptores de Estrógeno/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Calidad de Vida , Receptores de Estrógenos/análisis , Receptores de Progesterona/análisis , Resultado del Tratamiento , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
A new method of evaluation of immunohistochemical markers of cellular cycle (K-67, topoisomerase-II-alpha, P21/wafl), adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, CD33v6), oncoprotein HER-2, and estrogen and progesterone receptors of tumor is presented. High-precision count of tumor cells, which express each marker, was carried out using serial paraffin sections and Leica CTR5000 morphometric station and Leica Quin Plus program, to identify tumor sensitivity to anthracyclines and taxanes. Proliferative potential, tumor sensitivity to key chemical drugs and prognosis were evaluated on the basis of the evidence obtained and, in particular, the role of the proteins under study played in cellular cycle.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/química , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/análisis , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Receptor ErbB-2/análisis , Receptores de Estrógenos/análisis , Receptores de Progesterona/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos CD/análisis , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/análisis , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Cadherinas/análisis , Inhibidor p21 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/análisis , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/análisis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/análisis , Femenino , Amplificación de Genes , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Lectina 3 Similar a Ig de Unión al Ácido SiálicoRESUMEN
Overexpression of c-erbB2 oncogen is observed in 90-100% of cases of Paget's cancer. In all cases, the overexpression is caused by gene amplification. The authors carried out an immun ohistochemrical study of c-erbB2 (HER2/neu)-positive breast tumors: Paget's cancer (and hence with gene amplification) and breast invasive duct cancer without gene amplification. Moreover, the authors identified a case of c-erbB2-negative Paget's cancer, the phenotype of which was compared with the phenotypes of two earlier groups of tumors. The findings suggest that only formation of c-erbB2 heterodimers that cannot cause an increase in proliferation on their own is observed in the study groups of tumors.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Paget Mamaria/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Cadherinas/biosíntesis , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Proliferación Celular , Epidermis/metabolismo , Epidermis/patología , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/biosíntesis , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/biosíntesis , Inmunohistoquímica , Enfermedad de Paget Mamaria/patología , Receptores de Estrógenos/biosíntesis , Receptores de Progesterona/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Proliferation and the state of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, galectin-3) and estrogen and progesterone receptors were immunohistochemically analyzed in breast cancer biopsy specimens under conditions of c-erbB2 overexpression with and without gene amplification. It was hypothesized that c-erbB2 overexpression without gene amplification led to suppression of proliferation and "conservation" of tumor cell.