RESUMEN
Purpose: The aim of this study was to create vision standards for various tasks performed by hairdressers and to assess the spectacle compliance and its impact at work. Methods: The observational cross-sectional study enrolled hairdressers in and around Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was done in three phases: (i) Job profiling from visual task analysis, creating vision standards for various hairdressing tasks and arriving at test protocols; (ii) Comprehensive eye examination, and (iii) Assessment of spectacle compliance and its impact on work. Descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21.0) was performed. Results: There were 305 participants with a mean age of 48 (SD ± 12) years. The visual acuity demand was found to be 6/18 and N15, for distance and near, respectively. Appropriate spectacles were prescribed for 203 (67%) hairdressers. Even with the best possible refractive correction, a few hairdressers did not meet the distance (13) and near (11) visual acuity standard. In all, 54 hairdressers were referred for further examination to a tertiary eye care center for lenticular changes, retinal abnormalities, and glaucoma screening. Among the subjects who were dispensed with spectacles, 181 (86%) were available for telephonic spectacle compliance assessment, and 164 (90%) were compliant with spectacle usage at work. Improved visual ability was reported by 133 (81%) hairdressers at work. Conclusion: This study provides vision standards for hairdressers. From the visual task analysis, hairdressing tasks were found to be visually demanding and hazardous. The study emphasizes that providing appropriate spectacle correction showed a clinically evident positive impact at work.
Asunto(s)
Errores de Refracción , Estudios Transversales , Anteojos , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Errores de Refracción/diagnóstico , Errores de Refracción/epidemiología , Errores de Refracción/terapia , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the 6-year incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its associated predictors. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4316 subjects without POAG at baseline who were 40 years of age and older from a south Indian population. METHODS: Participants were examined at baseline and after a 6-year interval. Detailed ophthalmic examination included applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, pachymetry, optic disc evaluation, and automated perimetry. Glaucoma was defined using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the baseline risk factors that could predict the incident POAG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Six-year incidence of POAG and its associated risk factors. RESULTS: In 6 years, incident POAG developed in 129 subjects (2.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.4; male-to-female ratio, 65:64). Baseline age was a risk factor. In reference to the group 40 to 49 years of age, the incidence increased from 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7) for the group 50 to 59 years of age to 3.5 (95% CI, 2.2-5.7) for the group 60 to 69 years of age (P<0.001). Other baseline risk predictors were urban residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P = 0.01), higher intraocular pressure (IOP; OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.6 per 10 mmHg; P<0.001), myopia (OR, 1.7; 95%, CI, 1.1-2.5; P<0.001), and axial length (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.2 per millimeter; P = 0.03). Thinner corneas with higher IOP at baseline had the highest incidence of POAG. In 80% of the urban population and 100% of the rural population, incident glaucoma was previously undetected. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of this population demonstrated incident POAG. The baseline risk factors could help in identifying those at highest risk of disease.