RESUMEN
A specific arousal therapy with NAGD (Naloxone, Activated Charcoal, Glucagon, Doxapram) is outlined for victims of drug overdose in comatose and semi-comatose states. Several direct benefits accrue if early awakening or lightening of such patients is safely accomplished. There are: 1) elimination of need for prolonged intubation or tracheostomy; 2) patient's ability to tell which drug(s) were taken; 3) excessively frantic and vigorous supportive treatment is obviated; and 4) the overall hospital stay is shortened. The NAGD regimen has been found to effectively, safely, and predictably reverse coma. Therapy consists of: naloxone 0.8 mg to 1.6 mg intravenously; large-bore orogastric tube instillation of 100 gm to 120 gm activated charcoal slurry; glucagon 1 mg to 2 mg intravenously; and, in selected cases, doxapram 1 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg intravenously.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Coma/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxapram/administración & dosificación , Glucagón/administración & dosificación , Naloxona/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Carbón Orgánico/farmacología , Coma/inducido químicamente , Doxapram/farmacología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glucagón/farmacología , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Naloxona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Phencyclidine (PCP) is a potent sympathomimetic and hallucinogenic dissociative anesthetic agent. As an abused street drug, it is most often smoked, thus allowing the user to titrate the dose. The clinical signs of PCP intoxication can be viewed in three dose-related stages, but waxing and waning of signs through the three stages is not uncommon. Treatment protocols for each stage address drug therapy and both clinical and psychological supportive measures.
Asunto(s)
Urgencias Médicas , Fenciclidina/envenenamiento , Adolescente , Conducta/efectos de los fármacos , Clasificación , Diazepam/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Intubación Intratraqueal , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenciclidina/farmacología , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Respiración/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
In a large series of patients who have abused a variety of commercially available "amphetamine-like" agents as well as "street drugs" with CNS stimulant activity, the specific lytic effects of propranolol (Inderal) were utilized to reverse the dangerous hyperkinetic cardiovascular and frightening CNS phenomena noted in these non-comatose individuals. Presented here is a logical and clinically proven mode of therapy by which the authors have consistently, successfully, and safely managed such patients in "adrenergic crisis" by judicious titration of electrolytes, propranolol, and diazepam.
Asunto(s)
Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/envenenamiento , Diazepam/uso terapéutico , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Simpatomiméticos/envenenamiento , Orina/análisis , Enfermedad Aguda , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/historia , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Enfermedad Crónica , Quimioterapia Combinada , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Simpatomiméticos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The respiratory stimulant doxapram hydrochloride has long been shunned in the United States because of a perpetuated fear of the alleged side effects of hypertension and tachycardia with attendant hypermetabolism and increased oxygen consumption. This study reports the results of the administration of doxapram alone, and of doxapram in conjunction with the beta-blocker propranolol on the blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate of 12 healthy unanesthetized volunteer subjects. Results showed an augmentation in blood pressure (especially diastolic), a significant decrease in heart rate, and an unexpected actual increase in respiratory rate in the doxapram/propranolol group. Subtleties of sympathetic balance, as well as proposed future studies are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Doxapram/farmacología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Propranolol/farmacología , Respiración/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Subjective discomfort caused by nausea and hot, pruritic skin has been described in patients after ingestion of therapeutic dosages of niacin is shown by this study to be alleviated by propranolol HC1. A dosage of 2 mg, I.V., given incrementally, in a clinical trial of six patients is described. The peripheral vasodilator effects of niacin were attenuated in some subjects but not in others. However, all subjects reported relief of unpleasant symptoms. Serial vital signs were taken and no significant changes were found. It is postulated that propranolol HC1 exerts a calmative effect at the CNS level. In a series that utilized doses of 40 and 80 mg of propranolol HC1 taken orally 30 min prior to the ingestion of 500 or 1000 mg of niacin, a progressive increase in the onset of the niacin flush was observed. It is proposed that as the available plasma level of propranolol HC1 falls, the ratio of niacin to propranolol HC1 increases, exceeding the threshold at which the flush occurs. Both these studies suggest that further work is indicated to establish the possible therapeutic efficacy of propranolol HC1.