RESUMEN
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars adapted to specific environments and resistant to prevalent pathogens are preferred for obtaining high yield. This study aimed to identify wheat genotypes with superior grain yield (GY) and yield associated traits from 168 genotypes of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center's 13th Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery evaluated over two seasons during 2019 and 2020 under high disease pressure of both stem rust (SR) and yellow rust (YR) in a 21 × 8 α-lattice design with 3 replications in Kenya. Effects due to seasons were significant for YRAud, SRAud, 1000-kernel weight (TKW), days to heading (DH), plant height (PH) and number of spikelets spike-1 (SS), while genotypes and genotypes × season interaction effects were significant for all traits except number of kernels spike-1. Respectively, heritability values of 0.95, 0.93, 0.87, 0.86, 0.77 and 0.75 were observed for area under disease progress curve for SR (SRAud), YR (YRAud), TKW, DH, biomass (BM) and GY. Path analysis showed positive direct effects on GY via PH, SS, BM, and TKW. Biplot analysis identified 16 genotypes with superior desirable traits GY, BM and harvest index. The SR contributed the highest reduction in GY and TKW while YR contributed the most reduction in BM. These identified genotypes with superior GY combined with adequate resistance to both SR and YR are potentially valuable resources for improvement of locally adapted wheat cultivars.
Asunto(s)
Grano Comestible/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Animales , Áfidos , Basidiomycota/genética , Biomasa , Pan , Clima , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Kenia , Fenotipo , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Análisis de Regresión , Estaciones del Año , Temperatura , Zea maysRESUMEN
A 79-year-old woman presented with new-onset heart failure. She had pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and an ejection fraction of 35% on echocardiogram. Her coronary angiogram revealed mild coronary artery disease (CAD). However, initially unexplained extravasation of the contrast was also seen in the cranial view during angiogram. The decision was made to medically manage CAD, but she remained tachycardic, with borderline low blood pressure. After a series of complications and tests, clearance of contrast from the stomach was confirmed. This represents an unusual case in which fluoroscopy revealed active gastric bleeding with contrast extravasation during coronary angiography.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Derrame Pericárdico , Anciano , Angiografía Coronaria/efectos adversos , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , EstómagoAsunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Adenocarcinoma Papilar/secundario , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Disnea/etiología , Neoplasias Endometriales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Endometriales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de PositronesAsunto(s)
Tratamiento Conservador , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Trastornos de Deglución , Enfermedades del Esófago/etiología , Hematemesis , Hematoma/etiología , Hematoma/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/terapia , Recuperación de la Función , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust pose a significant threat to global wheat production. Growing rust resistant cultivars is the most efficient and environment friendly method to reduce yield losses. Genetic analysis is undertaken to identify genes and study their roles in conferring rust resistance in a given wheat background. This chapter summarizes the protocol for genetic analysis of rust resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. Additionally, it examines statistical analysis and related software to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked with rust resistance.
Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota/fisiología , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Triticum/genética , Triticum/microbiología , Cromosomas de las Plantas , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Genes de Plantas , Genómica/métodos , Técnicas de Genotipaje/métodos , Fenotipo , Plantones/genética , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/microbiología , Programas Informáticos , Triticum/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Approximately 20% of patients undergoing ankle brachial index testing for critical limb ischemia have noncompressible vessels because of tibial artery calcification. This represents a clinical challenge in determining tibial artery patency. We sought to identify the prevalence of tibial artery and pedal arch patency by angiography in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred twenty-five limbs (of 89 patients) with critical limb ischemia and ankle brachial index ≥1.4 who underwent lower extremity angiograms within 1 year were included. Reviewers of angiography were blinded to results of physiological testing. Tibial artery vessels were classified as completely occluded, significantly stenosed (≥50%), or patent (<50% stenosis). The sensitivity of toe brachial index and pulse volume recording to predict tibial artery disease was also determined. Of 125 limbs with noncompressible ankle brachial index, 72 (57.6%) anterior tibial and 80 (64%) posterior tibial arteries were occluded. Another 23 (18.4%) anterior tibial and 13 (10.4%) posterior tibial arteries had ≥50% stenosis. Pulse volume recording was moderate to severely dampened in 54 of 119 (45.4%) limbs. Toe brachial index <0.7 was found in 75 of 83 (90.4%) limbs. Moderate to severe pulse volume recording dampening was 43.6% sensitive, whereas toe brachial index <0.7 was 89.7% sensitive in diagnosing occluded or significantly stenotic tibial artery disease. The pedal arch was absent or incomplete in 86 of 103 (83.5%) limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with critical limb ischemia and noncompressible ankle brachial index results, the prevalence of occlusive tibial and pedal arch disease is very high. Toe brachial index <0.7 is more sensitive in diagnosing occluded and significantly stenotic tibial artery disease in these patients compared with ankle pulse volume recording.
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Angiografía , Índice Tobillo Braquial , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Arterias Tibiales/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Constricción Patológica , Enfermedad Crítica , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia/epidemiología , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ohio/epidemiología , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Arterias Tibiales/fisiopatología , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiología , Calcificación Vascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Due to their unique pathophysiological profile, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) undergoing non-cardiac surgery require additional attention to perioperative management. We sought to compare perioperative outcomes of patients with HCM undergoing non-cardiac surgery with a matched group patients without HCM. METHODS: This observational cohort study conducted at a tertiary care centre included patients with HCM (n=92, age 67â years, 54% men) undergoing intermediate-risk and high-risk non-cardiac surgeries between 1/2007 and 12/2013 (excluding <18â years, prior septal myectomy/alcohol ablation, low-risk surgery) who were 1:2 matched (based on age, gender, type and time of non-cardiac surgery) with patients without HCM (n=184, median age 65â years, 53% men). A composite endpoint (30-day postoperative death, myocardial infarction, stroke, in-hospital decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) and rehospitalisation within 30â days) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) were recorded. RESULTS: There was a significantly lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension/tachycardia in patients with HCM versus those without HCM (p<0.001). At 30 days postoperatively, 42 (15%) patients had composite events. Rates of 30-day death, MI or stroke were very low in patients with HCM (5%). However, a significantly higher proportion of patients with HCM met the composite endpoint versus patients without HCM (20 (22%) vs 22 (12%), p=0.03), driven by decompensated CHF. On logistic regression, HCM, high-risk non-cardiac surgery, high anaesthesia risk score and intraoperative duration of hypotension were independently associated with 30-day composite events (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HCM undergoing high-risk and intermediate-risk non-cardiac surgeries have a low perioperative event rate, at an experienced centre. However, they have a higher risk of composite events versus matched patients without HCM.
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Anestesia , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/complicaciones , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos , Anciano , Anestesia/efectos adversos , Anestesia/mortalidad , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/mortalidad , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Hipotensión/etiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Ohio , Readmisión del Paciente , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/mortalidad , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Disección Aórtica/etiología , Abuso de Marihuana/complicaciones , Fumar Marihuana/efectos adversos , Arteria Renal , Adulto , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Disección Aórtica/diagnóstico , Disección Aórtica/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Aortografía/métodos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Arteria Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) mimics acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We postulated that ventricular dysfunction in TC in the absence of significant myocardial necrosis would produce higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/troponin T (TnT) and BNP/creatine kinase MB fraction (CKMB) ratios than in AMI.Methods and Results: We studied 58 consecutive TC (age 65.8 +/- 12.9) and 97 AMI patients (age 59.8 +/-13.4). The ratios of BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB were calculated with the use of first simultaneously drawn laboratory values. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to distinguish TC from AMI with 95% specificity based on cardiac biomarker ratios. Median BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB ratios were, respectively,1,292 [interquartile range 443.4-2,657.9] and 28.44 [13.7-94.8] in the TC group and 226.9[69.91-426.32] and 3.63 [1.07-10.02] in the AMI group (P <.001). TC can be distinguished from AMI with 95% specificity with the use of BNP/TnT ratio ≥1,272 (sensitivity 52%) and BNP/CKMB ratio ≥29.9 (sensitivity 50%).Conclusions: The value of BNP is significantly higher in TC than in AMI. Early BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB ratios help to differentiate TC from AMI with greater accuracy than BNP alone.
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Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/sangre , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/diagnóstico , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Troponina T/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) mimics acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We postulated that ventricular dysfunction in TC in the absence of significant myocardial necrosis would produce higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/troponin T (TnT) and BNP/creatine kinase MB fraction (CKMB) ratios than in AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 58 consecutive TC (age 65.8 ± 82.9) and 97 AMI patients (age 59.8 ± 83.4). The ratios of BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB were calculated with the use of first simultaneously drawn laboratory values. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to distinguish TC from AMI with 95% specificity based on cardiac biomarker ratios. Median BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB ratios were, respectively, 1,292 [interquartile range 443.4-2,657.9] and 28.44 [13.7-94.8] in the TC group and 226.9 [69.91-426.32] and 3.63 [1.07-10.02] in the AMI group (P < .001). TC can be distinguished from AMI with 95% specificity with the use of BNP/TnT ratio ≥ 1,272 (sensitivity 52%) and BNP/CKMB ratio ≥ 29.9 (sensitivity 50%). CONCLUSIONS: The value of BNP is significantly higher in TC than in AMI. Early BNP/TnT and BNP/CKMB ratios help to differentiate TC from AMI with greater accuracy than BNP alone.
Asunto(s)
Forma MB de la Creatina-Quinasa/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo , Troponina T/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Precisión de la Medición Dimensional , Diagnóstico Precoz , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Ohio , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/sangre , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation for treatment of refractory atrial fibrillation is a well defined, standardized procedure and the simplest of commonly performed radiofrequency ablations in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. We report successful AV junction ablation using an inferior approach in a case of inferior vena cava interruption. Inability during the procedure to initially pass the ablation catheter into the right ventricle, combined with low amplitude electrograms, led to suspicion of an anatomic abnormality. This was determined to be a heterotaxy syndrome with inferior vena cava interruption and azygos continuation, draining in turn into the superior vena cava. Advancing Schwartz right 0 (SRO) sheath through the venous abnormality into the right atrium allowed adequate catheter stability to successfully induce complete AV block with radiofrequency energy.