RESUMEN
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is linked with the metabolic consequences of obesity, being necessary the use alternative methods of predicting this type of fat, like anthropometry. The objective of this study was assess the performance of anthropometry in predicting visceral fat measured with computerized tomography in adults and older adults. Study transversal with 197 individuals underwent computerized tomography (CT) and anthropometry. The variables analized were: visceral adipose tissue area by CT, Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR). A descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and ROC curve were carried out. We observed Correlations higher than 0.7 (p=0.000) between the SAD, WC and the VAT area were found in adult men and older men and in adult women. WHR displayed the least correlations. The most sensitive and specific SAD cut-off points were equal for all the men (Adults: 20.2 cm /Older adults: 20.2 cm) but different for the women (Adults: 21.0 cm; sens.: 83.3; spec.: 79.1 /Older adults: 19.9 cm; sens.: 81.0; spec.:79.3). The WC cut-off points that identified a VAT area =130cm² were 90.2 cm and 92.2 cm for men (adult men - sens.: 86.7; spec.: 86.1 - and older men- sens.: 79.3; spec.: 77.8 -respectively), while for women the recorded values were 92.3 cm (adult women- sens.: 83.3; spec: 81.4) and 88.2 cm (older women - sens.:76.2; spec.: 69.0).This study showed that WC and SAD achieved the best performance in the identification of visceral fat considered at risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adults and older adults.
Tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) está vinculado con las consecuencias metabólicas de la obesidad, siendo necesario el uso de métodos alternativos de predicción de este tipo de grasa, como la antropometría. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de la antropometría en la predicción de la grasa visceral medido con tomografía computarizada en adultos y adultos mayores. Estudio transversal con 197 individuos sometidos a tomografía computarizada y la antropometría. Las variables fueron: área de TAV, diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS), circunferencia de cintura (CC) y el índice cintura-cadera (RCC). Análisis descriptivo, de correlación de Pearson y la Curva ROC se llevaron a cabo. Hemos observado correlaciones superiores a 0,7 (p=0,000) entre el DAS, CC y TAV en los hombres adultos y adultos mayores y en mujeres adultas. RCC muestren la mínima correlación. Los puntos de corte de DAS más sensible y específico son iguales para los hombres (adultos y adultos mayores: 20,2cm), pero diferente para las mujeres (Adultos: 21,0cm - sens.:83.3; espec.:79.1 /adultos mayores: 19,9cm - sens.: 81.0; espec.: 79.3). El CC de los puntos de corte fueron de 90,2cm y 92,2cm para los hombres (Hombres adultos- sens.: 86.7; espec.: 86.1- y los hombres mayores - sens.: 79.3; espec.: 77.8, respectivamente), mientras que para las mujeres los valores registrados fueron de 92.3cm (mujeres adultas- sens.: 83.3; espec.:81.4) y 88.2cm (mujeres mayores- sens.: 76.2; espec.:69.0). Este estudio mostró que la CC y el DAS lograr el mejor rendimiento en la identificación de la grasa visceral considerados de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiometabólicas en los adultos y adultos mayores.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Antropometría/métodos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Grasa Intraabdominal/anatomía & histología , Grasa Intraabdominal , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the determinants of mild-to-moderate malnutrition in preschoolers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted in October and November 1996, with a representative sample of 1740 children less than 5 years old from the city of Salvador, situated in the Brazilian Northeastern region. Socio-economic and dietary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were performed in duplicate and data analysis was based upon the hierarchical model approach. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the prevalence ratio and to identify the determinants of mild-to-moderate deficits in weight-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores. RESULTS: Family monthly income under US$67.00 per capita and family headed by a woman were the main basic determinants of mild-to-moderate weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits in the studied children. Household agglomeration, an underlying determinant, was associated with weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits. Among the immediate determinants, age above 6 months and dietary caloric availability in the lowest tertile (<930 kcal day-1) were also associated with weight-for-age deficits. In addition to these, hospitalisation in the 12 months preceding the interview was shown to be a predictor of mild-to-moderate weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits. CONCLUSION: Adverse social and economic factors interact with family environmental factors to define food consumption and morbidity patterns that culminate in a high prevalence of mild-to-moderate malnutrition. The strengthening and restructuring of nutrition and healthcare actions, the definition of public policies that improve family income, and the adequate insertion of women in the labour market are possible strategies to reduce mild-to-moderate malnutrition and to sustain the decline already observed in severe malnutrition.