RESUMEN

To analyze the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic and treatment outcome trends in non-US-born individuals with TB in New Mexico.We retrospectively analyzed TB data from New Mexico TB surveillance system from (1993-2021), comparing variables between non-US-born and US-born individuals.Of the 1,512 TB cases, 876 (56.5%) were non-US-born and 653 (43.3%) were US-born. The incidence rate among non-US-born patients declined from 15.3/100,000 (1993) to 7.8/100,000 (2021) (54.6% reduction), while among US-born patients it declined from 3.3/100,000 (1993) to 0.5/100,000 (2021) (84.8% reduction). The majority of non-US-born individuals were from Mexico (n = 482, 73.5%). Non-US-born were typically younger adults (median age: 54 vs. 61), predominantly male (64.8% vs. 59.4%), less likely to consume excess alcohol and have extrapulmonary TB. However, they were more likely to exhibit resistance to standard TB drugs (P < 0.01). Non-US-born individuals were less likely to die (7.8% vs. 15.4%), but more likely to be lost to follow-up (P < 0.007). Treatment by providers outside the Department of Health was associated with noncompletion (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09-0.35; P < 0.001).These results highlight the need for a detailed understanding of the impact of migration on TB epidemiology and the development of tailored interventions to improve treatment outcomes..

Asunto(s)

Antituberculosos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Incidencia , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , New Mexico/epidemiología , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Anciano , Niño , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Preescolar

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacteria causing sexually transmitted infections. In women, this infection can cause cervicitis and urethritis, although it's usually asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women attending the lab Instituto de Previsión Social and detect the genotypes. METHODS: Endocervical samples from 505 symptomatic and asymptomatic women were assayed. It was determined the presence of C. trachomatis by PCR through amplification of a fragment of the cryptic plasmid. Positive samples were genotyped by the partial amplification of the ompA gene and analyzed phylogenetically. RESULTS: Forty-three positive samples were detected to infection with C. trachomatis, obtaining a prevalence of 8.5% (IC 95%: 6.4-11.3%). The prevalence of C. trachomatis was higher in women with vaginal symptoms [11.3% (30/265) vs. 5.4% (13/240)] (p = 0.018), as well as in women under 26 year-old [11.5% (28/244) vs. 6.2% (15/246)] (p = 0.021). Based on phylogenetic analysis, it was observed that 62% of the samples were genotype E, 15% genotype J, 15% genotype D, and 8% genotype F. CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first contribution on the molecular epidemiology of C. trachomatis in the Misiones province, Argentina, which shows the rate of prevalence of this bacterium and offers information on circulating genotypes.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Epidemiología Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Enfermedades Vaginales/microbiología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To study the lifestyle, use of health services, self-perceived health status and health services evaluations of immigrants from Paraguay and Bolivia in the city of Elche, and to establish and/or adapt prevention health services strategies to the needs of this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, using a health questionnaire, was conducted between November 2009 and April 2010, using a convenience sample selected from the Paraguay and Bolivia Citizens Association. RESULTS: A total of 49 Paraguayans and 35 Bolivians over 15 years old were interviewed of whom 42 (50%) were male; 33% of respondents did not perform any physical activity, and 14.3% were smokers (males [23.8%] vs female [4.8%], P=.03). The assessment of health was good or very good in 59.5% (Paraguayans [71.4%] vs Bolivians [42.9%]), P=.02). The use of health services was 85.4% (males [75%] vs women [95.2%], P=02) and 51% went to an emergency department. Consultation with a dentist was reported in 43.9% (Paraguayans [56.2%] vs Bolivians [26.5%], P=.007); 65.9% considered the Spanish public health system as being excellent, very good or good. CONCLUSION: The lifestyle, the use of private resources and the assessment of health status are different in both groups studied. The assessment of the Spanish public health system was good in both. Strategies are needed to improve lifestyle, counselling for smoking cessation, alcohol use and control of dyslipidaemia.

Asunto(s)

Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estado de Salud , Estilo de Vida , Bolivia/etnología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Paraguay/etnología , España , Encuestas y Cuestionarios