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PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and diagnosed to have weak detrusor contractility by urodynamic study. METHODS: A prospective study of 32 male patients had BPH candidate for TURP diagnosed to have impaired detrusor contractility by preoperative urodynamic study. We studied the postoperative outcome after TURP regarding international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), post-voiding residual urine (PVR), the patients need for catheter, and urodynamic pressure flow study (PFS) parameters (maximum detrusor contractility, bladder contractility index (BCI), maximum bladder capacity and compliance) after 6 month follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases presented with urethral catheter because of chronic or refractory retention. Twenty patients voided preoperatively during PFS with mean detrusor pressure (Pdet) at Qmax 23.97 ± 25.54 cmH2O and the mean BCI was 51.04 ± 23.86, while twelve patients did not void with mean maximum Pdet 21.75 ± 7.34. After 6 month follow-up, there was significant improvement in IPSS, Qmax, and detrusor contractility (Pdet at Qmax and BCI) postoperatively in all patients, and there was no significant postoperative improvement of post-voiding residual urine (p value 0.92). Finally, 11 patients voided normally without RU, 7 patients needed timed triple voiding with crede maneuver and small RU, and 14 patients needed CIC. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant improvements in IPSS, detrusor contractility, and urine flow after TURP in patients with BPH and weak bladder contractility, although the risk of postoperative urine retention in approximately 43% of cases and needed CIC.

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In this study, a critical evaluation of analyte dielectric properties in a microvolume was undertaken, using a microwave biochemical sensor based on a circular substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) topology. These dielectric properties were numerically investigated based on the resonant perturbation method, as this method provides the best sensing performance as a real-time biochemical detector. To validate these findings, shifts of the resonant frequency in the presence of aqueous solvents were compared with an ideal permittivity. The sensor prototype required a 2.5 µL volume of the liquid sample each time, which still offered an overall accuracy of better than 99.06%, with an average error measurement of ±0.44%, compared with the commercial and ideal permittivity values. The unloaded Qu factor of the circular substrate-integrated waveguide (CSIW) sensor achieved more than 400 to ensure a precise measurement. At 4.4 GHz, a good agreement was observed between simulated and measured results within a broad frequency range, from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed sensor, therefore, offers high sensitivity detection, a simple structural design, a fast-sensing response, and cost-effectiveness. The proposed sensor in this study will facilitate real improvements in any material characterization applications such as pharmaceutical, bio-sensing, and food processing applications.

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A novel symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) based microwave sensor with spurline filters for detecting and characterizing the properties of solid materials has been developed. Due to the weak perturbation in the interaction of material under test (MUT) and planar microwave sensor, spurline filters were embedded to the SSRR microwave sensor which effectively enhanced Q-factor with suppressing the undesired harmonic frequency. The spurline filter structures force the presented sensor to resonate at a fundamental frequency of 2.2 GHz with the capabilities of suppressing rejected harmonic frequency and miniaturization in circuit size. A wide bandwidth rejection is achieved by using double spurlines filters with high Q-factor achievement (up to 652.94) compared to single spurline filter. The new SSRR sensor with spurline filters displayed desired properties such as high sensitivity, accuracy, and performance with a 1.3% typical percentage error in the measurement results. Furthermore, the sensor has been successfully applied for detecting and characterizing solid materials (such as Roger 5880, Roger 4350, and FR4) and evidently demonstrated that it can suppress the harmonic frequency effectively. This novel design with harmonic suppression is useful for various applications such as food industry (meat, fruit, vegetables), biological medicine (derived from proteins and other substances produced by the body), and Therapeutic goods (antiseptics, vitamins, anti-psychotics, and other medicines).

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Primary osteosarcoma is one of the rare tumors affecting ovaries. This case is being reported for its rarity, along with a review of the literature. In this study, the patient, a 43-year-old woman, presented with an abdominopelvic mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, which revealed an extensive left ovarian mass infiltrating the uterus, small bowel, and urinary bladder. Subtotal hysterectomy and small bowel resection followed by end-to-end anastomosis and bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy were performed. Histopathology showed primary osteosarcoma of the ovary. Eighteen days after surgery, she started presenting with progressive abdominal distention and ultimately developed subacute intestinal obstruction. She was started on carboplatin and epirubicin combination but failed to respond and died of fast progressive disease. It is concluded that primary osteosarcoma of the ovary is a rare disease with poor prognosis.

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A morphological comparison of seven hypotriploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made to clarify their taxonomic status, using light and scanning electron microscopy. All populations differed from each other and from the typical triploid M. arenaria by certain features. Differences were not regarded as sufficient to justify recognition of the variants as distinct species. Morphological divergence of populations from the typical M. arenaria was gradual. The most useful characters were stylet and head morphology of males and stylet morphology of females. Perineal patterns and cephalic, stylet, and tail morphologies of second-stage juveniles were of little taxonomic value. Host races 1 and 2 could not be distinguished morphologically. Populations E445 and E551 with the atypical esterase phenotypes M3-F1 and S1-M1, respectively, were morphologically more similar to the typical M. arenaria than populations E255 and E467, which have the most common A2 esterase phenotype of M. arenaria.

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A morphometric comparison of seven hypotriploid populations with five pooled triploid populations of Meloidogyne arenaria was made using standard descriptive statistics, stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), and cluster analysis. Six morphometric characters of females, 14 of second-stage juveniles (J2), and 18 of males were measured for each population. Useful differentiating characters included: body length in J2; stylet length in females and J2; stylet-knob dimensions in females and males; dorsal esophageal gland orifice distance in all three life stages; esophagus-length ratio in males and J2; excretory pore position in J2; and spicule length in males. SDA and cluster analysis showed that in each life stage, the hypotriploid populations were set off to varying degrees from the triploid populations. In addition, the relationships among populations differed when different life stages were compared. No consistent relationships could be detected among the populations, when morphometric data of the present study and morphological findings of the same populations in a parallel study were considered. Morphometric differences were not sufficient to propose any of the hypotriploid populations as new species.

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A morphological and morphometric comparison using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was made of six populations of Meloidogyne javanica belonging to three host races (infective on pepper, peanut, or noninfective on both). The variability of certain morphological characters was studied within these populations, and the reliability of these taxonomic traits was evaluated for usefulness in species identification. The most useful diagnostic characters of M. javanica were head and stylet morphology of males and stylet morphology and perineal patterns of females. Males have an offset head region, usually lacking annulations, and a distinct, narrow head cap with slightly raised labial disc. The stylet has a cone markedly wider than the shaft at the junction and large, transversely ovoid knobs that are offset from the shaft. Females have a robust stylet with a dorsally curved cone and large, transversely ovoid knobs. Perineal patterns are oval to squarish in shape, usually with coarse, broken striae and with conspicuous lateral lines. The host races could not be differentiated on a morphological basis.

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Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. is described from specimens parasitic on peach rootstock from Morocco. This species exhibits a combination of morphological characters similar to M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. The perineal pattern of females is oval to squarish with a moderately high to high dorsal arch, and widely spaced, smooth striae; lateral lines are absent. The stylet, 16.5 mum long, has transversely ovoid, set-off knobs. Males have a set-off, annulated head region. The large, rounded labial disc is distinctly demarcated from the crescent-shaped medial lips; lateral lips are absent. The robust stylet, 24.6 mum long, has large, rounded knobs that taper slightly posteriorly. Mean second-stage juvenile (J2) length is 401 mum. The set-offhead region has incomplete annulations; the lip structures are dumbbell shaped. The stylet, 12.3 mum long, has rounded knobs that slope posteriorly. The J2 tail, 52.6 mum long, has irregularly sized annules in the posterior region and ends in a bluntly rounded tip. Tomato, tobacco, pepper, and watermelon are good hosts; cotton and peanut are not hosts. Meloidogyne morocciensis n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 47-49. Its esterase phenotype is identical with the three-banded phenotype (A3) of M. arenaria.

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Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from galled roots of eggplant, Solanum melongena L., from Puerto Rico. The perineal pattern of females is round to ovoid with fine, widely spaced striae. It has occasional breaks of striation laterally and a circular tail tip area lacking striae. The stylet, 15.8 mum long, has reniform knobs that merge gradually with the stylet shaft. Males have a high, rectangular, smooth head region, not set off from the body contour. The labial disc is continuous with the medial lips which do not slope posteriorly. The styler, 22.9 mum long, has large rounded backward sloping knobs; the shaft is of uneven diameter. Mean body length of second-stage juveniles is 453.6 mum. The truncate head region is not annulated, and the rounded, slightly raised labial disc and the crescentic medial lips form dumbbell-shaped lip structures. The stylet, 11.6 mum long, has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 54.4 mum long, gradually tapers to a bluntly pointed tip. Tomato, tobacco, pepper, and watermelon are good hosts; cotton and peanut are not hosts. M. mayaguensis n. sp. reproduces by mitotic parthenogenesis and has a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 44-45. The enzyme patterns are unique among Meloidogyne species.

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Spicules of 9 Meloidogyne, 2 Heterodera, 3 Globodera, and 12 other plant-parasitic, insect-parasitic, and free-living nematodes were excised and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gubernacula of some of the species were also excised, and their structure was determined. The two spicules of all species examined were symmetrically identical in morphology. The spicule typically consisted of three parts: head, shaft, and blade with dorsal and ventral vela. The spicular nerve entered through the cytoplasmic core opening on the lateral outer surface of the spicule head and generally communicated with the exterior through one or two pores at the spicule tip. Spicules of Xiphinema sp. and Aporcelaimellus sp. were not composed of three typical parts, were less sclerotized, and lacked a cytoplasmic core opening and distal pores. Spicules of Aphelenchoides spp. had heads expanded into apex and rostrum and had very arcuate blades with thick dorsal and ventral edges (limbs). Gubernaculum shapes were stable within a species, but differed among species examined. The accessory structures of Hoplolaimus galeatus consisted of a tongue-shaped gubernaculum with two titillae at its distal end and a plate-like capitulum terminating distally in two flat, wing-like structures. A comparison of spicules of several species of Meloidogyne by SEM and light microscopy revealed no striking morphological differences.