RESUMEN
Computer tomography is an extensively used method for the detection of the disease in the subjects. Basically, computer-aided tomography depending on the artificial intelligence reveals its significance in smart health care monitoring system. Owing to its security and the private issue, analyzing the computed tomography dataset has become a tedious process. This study puts forward the convolutional autoencrypted deep learning neural network to assist unsupervised learning technique. By carrying out various experiments, our proposed method produces better results comparative to other traditional methods, which efficaciously solves the issues related to the artificial image description. Hence, the convolutional autoencoder is widely used in measuring the lumps in the bronchi. With the unsupervised machine learning, the extracted features are used for various applications.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Profundo , Humanos , Inteligencia Artificial , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Aprendizaje Automático no Supervisado , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The estrous cycle consists of episodic phases that eventually regulate reproduction in non-primate mammals. Females are sexually receptive to males only during estrus phase, which lasts from few hours to 2â¯days. Estrus detection is crucial for reproductive management of animal herd; however, precise estrus detection method/tools are not available. The analysis of body fluids, e.g., facets of proteomics during recent years is promising in the progression of estrus markers. Specifically, heat shock proteins (HSPs) present in body fluids and reproductive organs could be possibly used as markers of estrus. We note the possible vital roles of hyperthermia, stress and steroid hormones during estrus that could positively regulate the expression of HSPs. To validate our hypothesis, we explained the possible mechanism of production of HSPs, specifically during estrus phase. We recommend intensive research on HSPs to develop credible estrus detection tools in animals.
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Estro/fisiología , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Reproducción/fisiología , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Temperatura Corporal , Bovinos , Femenino , Fiebre/metabolismo , Hormonas/metabolismo , Modelos Teóricos , Proteómica , Conducta Sexual Animal , Esteroides/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Vagina/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A method was developed for the confirmatory and quantitative analysis of one pyrethrin and 18 pyrethroid residues in animal fat. Fat was extracted was collected from adipose tissue melted in an oven at 65⯰C for 2â¯h. Fat samples (1â¯g) were dispersed with deactivated Florisil® sorbent and extracted with MeCN. Sample extracts were purified by cold temperature precipitation at -30⯰C for 4â¯h and further purified using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up in tubes containing 500â¯mg of Z-SEP+ and 125â¯mg of PSA bonded silica. Purified samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Acquity C8 BEH column, using a binary gradient separation comprising of mobile phase A, 5â¯mM ammonium formate in water:MeOH (80:20, v/v,) and mobile phase B, 5â¯mM ammonium formate in MeOH. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive electrospray ionisation mode (ESI(+)). Validation was performed following the 2002/657/EC guidelines. Trueness ranged between 84% and 143% and precision ranged between 3.9% and 29%. The developed method is particularly advantageous because the sample preparation procedure does not require complex sample extraction equipment and uses less solvent compared to other sample preparation protocols.
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Tejido Adiposo/química , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Piretrinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Aves , Bovinos , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ovinos , PorcinosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) on renal blood flow and biochemical changes in rats, and to assess the effect of treatment with gum acacia (GA) thereon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CKD was induced by feeding rats with adenine (0.25% w/w, five weeks). Concomitantly, some of these rats were also given gum acacia (GA) (15% w/v in the drinking water). Before animals were sacrificed, changes in renal blood flow (RBF) were monitored in anaesthetized rat preparations. Several biochemical and histological renal function tests were also conducted. RESULTS: Adenine-induced CKD significantly impaired the vasopressor actions of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine and concomitant treatment with GA abated these responses. Additionally, plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, nitrite and nitrate and urinary excretion of protein were all significantly increased by adenine. GA significantly mitigated the severity of adenine-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS: Adenine-induced CKD in rats significantly impaired renal vascular responses to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine and this was mitigated by treatment with GA. This provides another experimental evidence for the usefulness of GA in the amelioration of CKD.
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Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Goma Arábiga/administración & dosificación , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Circulación Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenina/toxicidad , Animales , Creatinina/sangre , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Circulación Renal/fisiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/inducido químicamente , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Anemia frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated here the effect of adenine-induced CKD in rats on erythrocyte count (EC), hematocrit (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, as well as on the activity of L-gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentrations of iron (Fe), transferrin (Tf), ferritin (F), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) / unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and hepcidin (Hp) in serum and erythropoietin (Epo) in renal tissue. Renal damage was assessed histopathologically, and also by measuring the serum concentrations of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), creatinine, and urea, and by creatinine clearance. We also assessed the influence of concomitant treatment with gum acacia (GA) on the above analytes. Adenine feeding induced CKD, accompanied by significant decreases (P<0.05) in EC, PCV, and Hb, and in the serum concentrations of Fe, Tf, TIBC, UIBC and Epo. It also increased Hp and F levels. GA significantly ameliorated these changes in rats with CKD. A general improvement in the renal status of rats with CKD after GA is shown due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions, and reduction of the uremic toxin IS, which is known to suppress Epo production, and this may be a reason for its ameliorative actions on the indices of anemia studied.
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Anemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Goma Arábiga/uso terapéutico , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Fitoterapia , Adenina , Animales , Goma Arábiga/farmacología , Fallo Renal Crónico/sangre , Fallo Renal Crónico/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that mice with 5/6 nephrectomy- induced chronic renal failure (CRF) have reduced gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and increased fecal moisture content (FMC). We have recently shown that feeding adenine (0.2%, w/w) to mice can be used as a model of CRF. Here, we investigated the possible effects of adenine-induced CRF on several in vivo and in vitro aspects of GIT physiology and histology of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon in mice. METHODS: The effects of CRF induced by feeding adenine (0.2%, w/w for 2 or 4 weeks) on the gastric emptying index (GEI), GIT, FMC and bead expulsion test (BET) were investigated. GIT was measured by the charcoal meal test and GEI by the difference between full and empty stomach weights. Fresh and dried feces were weighed to calculate the FMC. Renal function was assessed histologically, and biochemically in plasma and urine. The light microscopic histology of the different parts of the gut, as well as the in vitro contractility of the isolated ileum was also assessed. RESULTS: Feeding adenine for 2 or 4 weeks resulted in CRF. The BET was significantly increased in mice given adenine for 2 but not 4 weeks, while the GEI was significantly increased in mice treated with adenine for 4 but not 2 weeks. No significant differences between control and adenine-treated mice were found in GIT, FMC or the histology of the different parts of the gut. Acetylcholine-induced contractions of the ileum of adenine-treated rats were not significantly different from those of the controls. DISCUSSION: Feeding adenine for either 2 or 4 weeks resulted in CRF, but it would appear that this model produces effects on the gastrointestinal tract that are milder than those reported before in animal models with 5/6 nephrectomy-induced-CRF.
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Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/fisiopatología , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , Fallo Renal Crónico/fisiopatología , Adenina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Tracto Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fallo Renal Crónico/inducido químicamente , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
We have previously shown that chronic renal failure in rats induces changes in motor activity and behavior. Similar work on the possible effects of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by cisplatin (CP) is lacking. This is the subject matter of the current work. CP was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a single dose of 20 mg/kg to induce a state of ARF, and three days later, its effects on motor activity, thermal and chemical nociceptive tests, neuromuscular coordination, pentobarbitone-sleeping time, exploration activity and two depression models were investigated. The platinum concentration in the kidneys and brains of mice was also measured. The occurrence of CP-induced ARF was ascertained by standard physiological, biochemical and histo-pathological methods. CP induced all the classical biochemical, physiological and histopathological signs of ARF. The average renal platinum concentration of CP-treated mice was 5.16 ppm, but there was no measurable concentration of platinum in the whole brains. CP treatment significantly decreased motor and exploration activities, and increased immobility time in depression models, suggesting a possible depression-like state. There was also a significant decrease in neuromuscular coordination in CP-treated mice. CP, given at a nephrotoxic dose, induced several adverse motor and behavioral alterations in mice. Further behavioral tests and molecular and biochemical investigations in the brains of mice with CP-induced ARF are warranted.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Conducta Exploratoria/fisiología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Animales , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Depresión/psicología , Conducta Exploratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Oral cancer is a major public health problem in India. Most patients present with locally advanced disease requiring complex resection and reconstruction strategies. Costs, operating time and availability of expertise are major issues that influence efficient health delivery, especially in developing countries such as India. Technically simple and widely reproducible techniques may be used successfully where applicable, to overcome these issues. The submental artery flap is a well described and acceptable alternative to the radial artery forearm free flap in oral cavity reconstruction. Researchers have demonstrated its technical ease of performance and reproducibility amongst trainees. Here the authors describe the bipaddled submental artery flap, a modification of the standard flap, which can be used to provide lining as well as skin cover for a full thickness cheek defect. Two skin paddles are fashioned taking advantage of the vascular anatomy of the submental vessels.
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Mentón/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Orales/métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/irrigación sanguínea , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Mejilla/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , India , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study and compare, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity produced by four marketed topical diclofenac formulations in order to justify their usefulness in the treatment of pain and inflammation. By using a diffusion cell, in vitro percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to correlate in vivo activity. The in vivo analgesic activity study was performed by tail flick method on Wistar albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed on rats by carrageenan induced inflammation. It was evident from the study that three among tested three gels; diclofenac permeated effectively through the skin and was able to elicit analgesic and anti-inflammatory responses. The study also indicated the presence of therapeutic inequivalence among the marketed topical formulation and the need of bio equivalency and therapeutic equivalency testing of marketed topical applications meant for therapeutic use.