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BACKGROUND: Food craving is an intense-compulsive response to eating highly appetizing foods. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) is the most used instrument for its diagnosis. It is a multidimensional instrument, sensitive and adaptable to contextual and cultural changes. OBJECTIVE: To standardize the FCQ-S in the adult population of Mexico City. METHOD: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, at convenience design, with 1059 adults of both sexes, aged 18-84 years. It is highlighted that 71.9% of the participants were women. RESULTS: A reliability coefficient of 0.95 was obtained, the correlations between the items were from r = 0.598 to r = 0.793. With the exploratory factorial analysis, an MKO of sampling adequacy of 0.943 was obtained, and with the Bartlett sphericity test a p = 0.000. The factors explain 78.61% of the total variation of the data. The RMSEA was 0.068, which indicates an acceptable fit. The CFI was 0.974, considered good, and NNFI was 0.969, good fit. The correlations ranged from p < 0.05 to p < 0.01, showing a connection between the different dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The FCQ-S is valid and adaptable in the Mexican population.

ANTECEDENTES: El food craving es un deseo intenso y compulsivo de comer alimentos altamente apetecibles. El Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) es el instrumento más utilizado para su diagnóstico. Es un instrumento multidimensional, sensible y adaptable a cambios contextuales y culturales. OBJETIVO: estandarizar el FCQ-S en población adulta de la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: Diseño no experimental, transversal y a conveniencia por método de bola de nieve, con 1059 adultos ambos sexos y de 18-84 años. Se destaca que el 71.9% de los participantes fueron mujeres. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un coeficiente de fiabilidad de 0.95 y las correlaciones entre los ítems fueron de r = 0.598 a r = 0.793. Con el análisis factorial exploratorio se obtuvo una MKO de adecuación de muestreo de 0.943, y con la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett una p = 0.000. Los factores explican el 78.61% de la variación total de los datos. La RMSEA fue 0.068, lo cual indica ajuste aceptable. El CFI fue 0.974, considerado bueno, y el NNFI fue 0.969 (buen ajuste). Las correlaciones fueron de p < 0.05 a p < 0.01, lo que muestra una conexión entre las diferentes dimensiones. CONCLUSIONES: El FCQ-S es válido y adaptable en población mexicana.

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BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical patterns of atrophy of the filiform papillae (FP) of the tongue and their relationship with the serum levels of iron and vitamin B12 among patients with systemic diseases, in a tertiary care center. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical, research study was designed. A systematic tongue examination was performed to evaluate the presence and clinical patterns of FP atrophy. We collected epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. Statistical analysis included χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients (83.9% females) were included [median age = 55 (range 20-89) years]. Endocrinopathy (60.9%) was the most frequent comorbidity. We found atrophy of the FP in 90.8% of the patients; the atrophy was mild in 83.5% of the cases, and severe in 16.5%. The most common atrophic patterns were as follows: focalized in 64 (73.6%) cases, "U"-shaped pattern in 60 (69%), and generalized in 30 (34.5%). Geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis were observed in 12 (13.8%) and 11 (12.6%) subjects, respectively. Lower titers of serum iron were detected in cases with focal (median = 71 vs. 110 mcg/dl) and generalized (median = 55 vs. 78 mcg/dl) FP atrophy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009, respectively), than their counterparts. The presence of symptomatology was related to the focal pattern of atrophy (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of filiform papillary atrophy of the tongue was observed in patients with comorbidities. Some atrophic patterns of the tongue were significantly associated with certain medical conditions.

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Objective: This study examines the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with adverse health outcomes (falls, emergency room visits, hospital admissions and death) in a cohort of patients older than 55 years with HIV infection. Methods: It is an exploratory prospective study with four years follow-up. People with HIV infection followed in the infectious diseases consultation unit of two hospitals in Madrid were included. Sociodemographic data and clinical variables were collected. The functional, mental, and social situations of the participants were assessed. Patient clinical histories were reviewed to gather data on the number of falls, visits to emergency departments and hospital admissions during the period studied. Results: One hundred seventeen patients with a mean age of 61,4 (SD 6,6) years and a median follow-up of 47 months(35 to 50) were included. Of these subjects, 25% had depressive symptoms, and 10% had some degree of cognitive impairment at the baseline visit. The recorded frequencies were: falls 7,7%, visits to the emergency room 53%, hospital admission 33,3% and deaths 2,6%. Depressive symptoms were associated with falls and emergency room visits in the univariate analysis. The factors associated with hospital admission were having acquired the infection through intravenous drug use, frailty and being under 65 years of age. Multivariate analysis was conducted for the hospital admissions outcome, with the variables showing p < 0,07 in the univariate analysis, none of which reached statistical significance. Conclusions: Depression screening and cognitive evaluation should be done systematically in this population group. More studies with more patients and longer follow-up times are necessary.

Introducción: Gracias al tratamiento antirretroviral en Occidente, la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica. Hoy, el 50% de las personas que viven con VIH son mayores de 50 años y en torno al 20% de los nuevos casos de esta infección se dan en ese mismo grupo etario. Este trabajo tiene por objeto el analizar los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados a eventos adversos en salud (caídas, visitas a urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios y muerte) en una cohorte de personas mayores de 55 años con infección por VIH. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio prospectivo con cuatro años de seguimiento. Se incluyeron personas con infección por VIH seguidas en las consultas de enfermedades infecciosas de dos hospitales de Madrid. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y variables clínicas. Se evaluó la situación funcional, mental y social de los participantes. Se revisaron en las historias clínicas de los pacientes número de caídas, visitas a los servicios de urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios y muertes producidas durante el periodo estudiado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 117 pacientes con una edad media de 61,4 (desviación estándar 6,6) años y una mediana de seguimiento de 47 meses (35 a 50). De estos sujetos, el 25% tenía síntomas depresivos y el 10% tenía algún grado de deterioro cognitivo en la visita inicial. Las frecuencias de eventos adversos en salud registradas fueron: caídas del 7,7%, visitas a urgencias del 53%, ingresos hospitalarios del 33,3% y muertes del 2,6%. Los síntomas de depresión se asociaron con caídas y visitas a urgencias en el análisis bivariado. Los factores asociados a ingreso hospitalario fueron haber adquirido la infección por consumo de drogas por vía parenteral, ser frágil y ser menor de 65 años. Se realizó análisis multivariado para el resultado de ingresos hospitalarios con las variables que mostraron p < 0,05 en el análisis bivariado y ninguna de ellas alcanzó significación estadística. Conclusiones: Los síntomas de depresión y el deterioro cognitivo se presentan con una alta frecuencia en estos pacientes, por lo que debería realizarse tamizaje de ambos de forma sistemática en este grupo poblacional. Son necesarios estudios con más pacientes y mayor tiempo de seguimiento que permitan identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a eventos adversos en las personas mayores que viven con VIH.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Gracias al tratamiento antirretroviral en Occidente, la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica. Hoy, el 50% de las personas que viven con VIH son mayores de 50 años y en torno al 20% de los nuevos casos de esta infección se dan en ese mismo grupo etario. Este trabajo tiene por objeto el analizar los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados a eventos adversos en salud (caídas, visitas a urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios y muerte) en una cohorte de personas mayores de 55 años con infección por VIH. MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio prospectivo con cuatro años de seguimiento. Se incluyeron personas con infección por VIH seguidas en las consultas de enfermedades infecciosas de dos hospitales de Madrid. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y variables clínicas. Se evaluó la situación funcional, mental y social de los participantes. Se revisaron en las historias clínicas de los pacientes número de caídas, visitas a los servicios de urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios y muertes producidas durante el periodo estudiado. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 117 pacientes con una edad media de 61,4 (desviación estándar 6,6) años y una mediana de seguimiento de 47 meses (35 a 50). De estos sujetos, el 25% tenía síntomas depresivos y el 10% tenía algún grado de deterioro cognitivo en la visita inicial. Las frecuencias de eventos adversos en salud registradas fueron: caídas del 7,7%, visitas a urgencias del 53%, ingresos hospitalarios del 33,3% y muertes del 2,6%. Los síntomas de depresión se asociaron con caídas y visitas a urgencias en el análisis bivariado. Los factores asociados a ingreso hospitalario fueron haber adquirido la infección por consumo de drogas por vía parenteral, ser frágil y ser menor de 65 años. Se realizó análisis multivariado para el resultado de ingresos hospitalarios con las variables que mostraron p < 0,05 en el análisis bivariado y ninguna de ellas alcanzó significación estadística. CONCLUSIONES: Los síntomas de depresión y el deterioro cognitivo se presentan con una alta frecuencia en estos pacientes, por lo que debería realizarse tamizaje de ambos de forma sistemática en este grupo poblacional. Son necesarios estudios con más pacientes y mayor tiempo de seguimiento que permitan identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a eventos adversos en las personas mayores que viven con VIH.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with adverse health outcomes (falls, emergency room visits, hospital admissions and death) in a cohort of patients older than 55 years with HIV infection. METHODS: It is an exploratory prospective study with four years follow-up. People with HIV infection followed in the infectious diseases consultation unit of two hospitals in Madrid were included. Sociodemographic data and clinical variables were collected. The functional, mental, and social situations of the participants were assessed. Patient clinical histories were reviewed to gather data on the number of falls, visits to emergency departments and hospital admissions during the period studied. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen patients with a mean age of 61,4 (SD 6,6) years and a median follow-up of 47 months(35 to 50) were included. Of these subjects, 25% had depressive symptoms, and 10% had some degree of cognitive impairment at the baseline visit. The recorded frequencies were: falls 7,7%, visits to the emergency room 53%, hospital admission 33,3% and deaths 2,6%. Depressive symptoms were associated with falls and emergency room visits in the univariate analysis. The factors associated with hospital admission were having acquired the infection through intravenous drug use, frailty and being under 65 years of age. Multivariate analysis was conducted for the hospital admissions outcome, with the variables showing p < 0,07 in the univariate analysis, none of which reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Depression screening and cognitive evaluation should be done systematically in this population group. More studies with more patients and longer follow-up times are necessary.

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Purpose of Review: Review international efforts to build a global public health initiative focused on toxoplasmosis with spillover benefits to save lives, sight, cognition and motor function benefiting maternal and child health. Recent Findings: Multiple countries' efforts to eliminate toxoplasmosis demonstrate progress and context for this review and new work. Summary: Problems with potential solutions proposed include accessibility of accurate, inexpensive diagnostic testing, pre-natal screening and facilitating tools, missed and delayed neonatal diagnosis, restricted access, high costs, delays in obtaining medicines emergently, delayed insurance pre-approvals and high medicare copays taking considerable physician time and effort, harmful shortcuts being taken in methods to prepare medicines in settings where access is restricted, reluctance to perform ventriculoperitoneal shunts promptly when needed without recognition of potential benefit, access to resources for care, especially for marginalized populations, and limited use of recent advances in management of neurologic and retinal disease which can lead to good outcomes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00268-x.

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The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has been mainly carried by health care providers. Technology-Mediated Interventions (TMI) seem to be a feasible alternative to increase access to behavioral health resources in this population. However, scaling-up treatments into TMI requires developing user-friendly, accepted, and accessible formats. A two-stage study was conducted to assess scalability of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based strategy (named FACE COVID) delivered using technology. First, a mix-method design connected qualitative and quantitative data from health providers and ACT experts by which changes were performed to enhance scalability. Second, a pretest-posttest study was conducted to preliminary evaluate the efficacy of FACE COVID intervention on well-being, psychological distress, and psychological flexibility. Results showed a positive impact on well-being, but not distress and psychological flexibility. While this intervention has promising results, changes in dose intensity, social support, and mental health literacy could improve retention as well as increase opportunities to target distress and psychological flexibility in future studies.

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Contexto la infección de vías urinarias (IVU), causada por adenovirus (ADV) posterior al trasplante renal, tiene el potencial de causar disfunción o pérdida del injerto. La presentación clínica es variable y el tratamiento difiere según la disponibilidad de medicamentos en el medio y la experiencia clínica. Objetivo el estudio describe las características clínicas, de laboratorio y la respuesta al tratamiento de una serie de casos de pacientes trasplantados renales con IVU por ADV en un hospital de Cali, Colombia. Metodología estudio retrospectivo que incluye a todos los pacientes adultos trasplantados con diagnóstico de IVU por ADV entre enero del 2015 hasta enero del 2021. El diagnóstico se realizó basado en la clínica, el resultado positivo de la prueba de reacción de cadena de polimerasa (PCR) y la carga viral del ADV. Resultados de 256 pacientes trasplantados, ocho presentaron diagnóstico de cistitis hemorrágica o nefritis intersticial secundaria a infección por ADV. Se presentó de forma temprana (≤ 3 meses) en el 62 % de los casos, quienes debutaron con macrohematuria asociada a piuria estéril y linfopenia. Por otra parte, se presentó alteración en la función renal en el 87,5 % de los casos y la reducción de la inmunosupresión fue el pilar fundamental en el manejo clínico. Conclusiones el reconocimiento de la infección por ADV en pacientes trasplantados renales ha ido en aumento. La sospecha clínica es clave para el diagnóstico (macrohematuria, síntomas urinarios irritativos y falla renal) y la reducción de la dosis de inmunosupresión para restaurar la función inmune puede ser suficiente en la resolución de la infección y la reversión de la disfunción renal.

Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by adenovirus (ADV) after kidney transplantation has the potential to cause graft dysfunction or loss. The clinical presentation is variable, from an asymptomatic course to a multisystemic compromise. Treatment varies based on the availability of different medications and clinical experience. Objective The study describe the clinical, laboratory characteristics and results of a series of cases of kidney transplant patients with hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to ADV infection in a hospital in Cali, Colombia. Methods Retrospective study based on the records of patients with a diagnosis of UTI caused by ADV between January 2015 to January 2021 were included. The diagnosis was made by clinical suspicion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Adenovirus DNA viral load. Results Of 256 transplant patients, eight patients had a diagnosis of hemorrhagic cystitis or interstitial nephritis secondary to ADV infection. It presented early (≤ 3 months) in 62%, who presented with macrohematuria, associated with sterile pyuria and lymphopenia. Alterations in renal function were presented in 87.5%. The reduction of immunosuppression was the fundamental pillar in the management. Conclusions The recognition of ADV infection in kidney transplant patients has been increasing. Clinical suspicion is the key for the diagnosis, with a predominance of macrohematuria, irritative urinary symptoms and kidney graft dysfunction. Reducing the dose of immunosuppression by restoring immune function may be sufficient in resolving the infection and reversing renal dysfunction.

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Purpose of Review: Review comprehensive data on rates of toxoplasmosis in Panama and Colombia. Recent Findings: Samples and data sets from Panama and Colombia, that facilitated estimates regarding seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma and risk factors, were reviewed. Summary: Screening maps, seroprevalence maps, and risk factor mathematical models were devised based on these data. Studies in Ciudad de Panamá estimated seroprevalence at between 22 and 44%. Consistent relationships were found between higher prevalence rates and factors such as poverty and proximity to water sources. Prenatal screening rates for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were variable, despite existence of a screening law. Heat maps showed a correlation between proximity to bodies of water and overall Toxoplasma seroprevalence. Spatial epidemiological maps and mathematical models identify specific regions that could most benefit from comprehensive, preventive healthcare campaigns related to congenital toxoplasmosis and Toxoplasma infection.

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Purpose of Review: Review work to create and evaluate educational materials that could serve as a primary prevention strategy to help both providers and patients in Panama, Colombia, and the USA reduce disease burden of Toxoplasma infections. Recent Findings: Educational programs had not been evaluated for efficacy in Panama, USA, or Colombia. Summary: Educational programs for high school students, pregnant women, medical students and professionals, scientists, and lay personnel were created. In most settings, short-term effects were evaluated. In Panama, Colombia, and USA, all materials showed short-term utility in transmitting information to learners. These educational materials can serve as a component of larger public health programs to lower disease burden from congenital toxoplasmosis. Future priorities include conducting robust longitudinal studies of whether education correlates with reduced adverse disease outcomes, modifying educational materials as new information regarding region-specific risk factors is discovered, and ensuring materials are widely accessible.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.07.010.].

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BACKGROUND: In El Salvador, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmitting Zika and other arboviruses use water storage containers as important oviposition sites. Promotion of water storage container cleaning is a key element of prevention programs. We explored community perceptions surrounding cleaning practices among pregnant women, male partners of pregnant women, and women likely to become pregnant. METHODS: Researchers conducted 11 focus groups and 12 in-depth interviews which included individual elicitations of Zika prevention measures practiced in the community. Focus group participants rated 18 images depicting Zika-related behaviors according to effectiveness and feasibility in the community context, discussed influencing determinants, voted on community intentions to perform prevention behaviors, and performed washbasin cleaning simulations. In-depth interviews with male partners of pregnant women used projective techniques with images to explore their perceptions on a subset of Zika prevention behaviors. RESULTS: General cleaning of the home, to ensure a healthy environment, was a strong community norm. In this context, participants gave water storage container cleaning a high rating, for both its effectiveness and feasibility. Participants were convinced that they cleaned their water storage containers effectively against Zika, but their actual skills were inadequate to destroy Aedes aegypti eggs. A further constraint was the schedule of water availability. Even during pregnancy, male partners rarely cleaned water storage containers because water became available in homes when they were at work. Furthermore, prevailing gender norms did not foster male participation in domestic cleaning activities. Despite these factors, many men were willing to provide substantial support with cleaning when their partners were pregnant, in order to protect their family. CONCLUSIONS: Behavior change programs for the prevention of Zika and other arboviruses need to improve community members' mosquito egg destruction skills rather than perpetuate the promotion of non-specific cleaning in and around the home as effective. Egg elimination must be clearly identified as the objective of water storage container maintenance and programs should highlight the effective techniques to achieve this goal. In addition, programs must build the skills of family members who support pregnant women to maintain the frequency of effective egg destruction in all water storage containers of the home.

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Since its 2013 emergence in the Americas, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has posed a serious threat to public health. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, though currently lacking in clinics, is integral to enable timely care and epidemiological response. We developed a dual detection system: a CHIKV antigen E1/E2-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral flow test using high-affinity anti-CHIKV antibodies. The ELISA was validated with 100 PCR-tested acute Chikungunya fever samples from Honduras. The assay had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 51% and 96.67%, respectively, with accuracy reaching 95.45% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity at a cycle threshold (Ct) cutoff of 22. As the Ct value decreased from 35 to 22, the ELISA sensitivity increased. We then developed and validated two lateral flow tests using independent antibody pairs. The sensitivity and specificity reached 100% for both lateral flow tests using 39 samples from Colombia and Honduras at Ct cutoffs of 20 and 27, respectively. For both lateral flow tests, sensitivity decreased as the Ct increased after 27. Because CHIKV E1/E2 are exposed in the virion surfaces in serum during the acute infection phase, these sensitive and specific assays demonstrate opportunities for early detection of this emerging human pathogen.

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BACKGROUND: Dengue virus (DENV) infections pose one of the largest global barriers to human health. The four serotypes (DENV 1-4) present different symptoms and influence immune response to subsequent DENV infections, rendering surveillance, risk assessments, and disease control particularly challenging. Early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management is critical and can be achieved by detecting DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in serum during the acute phase. However, few NS1-based tests have been developed that are capable of differentiating DENV serotypes and none are currently commercially available. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to distinguish DENV-1-4 NS1 using serotype-specific pairs of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 1,046 antibodies were harvested from DENV-immunized mice and screened for antigen binding affinity. ELISA clinical performance was evaluated using 408 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed dengue samples obtained from patients in Brazil, Honduras, and India. The overall sensitivity of the test for pan-DENV was 79.66% (325/408), and the sensitivities for DENV-1-4 serotyping were 79.1% (38/48), 80.41% (78/97), 100% (45/45), and 79.6% (98/123), respectively. Specificity reached 94.07-100%. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study demonstrates a robust antibody screening strategy that enabled the development of a serotype NS1-based ELISA with maximized specific and sensitive antigen binding. This sensitive and specific assay also utilized the most expansive cohort to date, and of which about half are from Latin America, a geographic region severely underrepresented in previous similar studies. This ELISA test offers potential enhanced diagnostics during the acute phase of infection to help guide patient care and disease control. These results indicate that this ELISA is a promising aid in early DENV-1-4 diagnosis and surveillance in regions of endemicity in addition to offer convenient monitoring for future vaccine interventions.

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INTRODUCTION: Food craving is a motivational and physiological response for eating specific foods, mainly with high caloric content. To assess food craving, self-reports, inventories and questionnaires are used. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait is multi-dimensionally structured and has been validated in several countries, since it is sensitive and adaptable to contextual-cultural changes. OBJECTIVES: To validate and standardize the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait in adults of Mexico City. METHOD: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, randomized study of 1059 subjects of both genders, between 18 and 84 years of age; 71.86 % of the female gender. Psychometric properties were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS: The domains of the questionnaire were reduced and the items were reorganized differently from the original version. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit and acceptable standardization of factors. High internal consistency was found for the global questionnaire (a = 0.973 and rho = 0.975) for each one of the domains. CONCLUSION: This study determines the viability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire for the population of Mexico City.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El food craving o "ansia por comer" es una respuesta motivacional y fisiológica por comer alimentos específicos, principalmente con alto contenido calórico. Para evaluarlo se usa, entre otros, el Food Craving Questionnaire Trait, estructurado multidimensionalmente y validado en diversos países, el cual ha mostrado ser sensible y adaptable a los cambios contextuales-culturales. OBJETIVOS: Validar y estandarizar el Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait en adultos de la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: Estudio no experimental, transversal y aleatorizado de 1059 sujetos de uno y otro sexo, entre 18 y 84 años; 71.86 % del sexo femenino. Se examinaron propiedades psicométricas con análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. RESULTADOS: Se redujeron los factores del cuestionario y los ítems se reorganizaron de forma diferente al original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró ajuste adecuado y estandarización aceptable de los factores. Se encontró alta consistencia interna para el cuestionario global (a = 0.973 y rho = 0.975) para cada uno de los factores. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio determina la viabilidad del Food Craving Questionnaire para población de la Ciudad de México.

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Zika virus, which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and through sexual transmission, disproportionally affects the human fetus. Guatemala experienced a surge of Zika cases beginning in 2016. We conducted a qualitative study of community perceptions of the seriousness of Zika, as well as the effectiveness, feasibility, and collective efficacy of Zika prevention actions. Free listing elicited the preventive actions salient for 68 participants comprising pregnant women, men with a pregnant partner, and women likely to become pregnant; 12 focus group discussions in a highland and a lowland town explored other concepts through rank orderings of prevention practices depicted on cards. Participants' initial concern about Zika, based on recent experience with chikungunya and high media coverage, diminished because of its mild symptoms and reduced media coverage. Participants identified more than 32 salient preventive actions, many of which are considered effective by programs. Participants ranked water storage container cleaning and regular unspecified cleaning of the house and its surroundings as highly effective, feasible, and of high collective efficacy; however, the actions lacked the specificity needed to effectively destroy mosquito eggs. Community-level removal of tires and discarded containers had lower collective efficacy than household-level implementation because of the municipal and community cooperation needed. Condom use, although salient for Zika prevention, was hindered by gender roles. The findings indicate space for increasing self-efficacy for condom use among fathers-to-be, abandoning nonspecific terms such as "cleaning" and "standing water," increasing people's skills in using bleach as an ovicide, and promoting antenatal care and family planning counseling.

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Resumen Introducción: El food craving o “ansia por comer” es una respuesta motivacional y fisiológica por comer alimentos específicos, principalmente con alto contenido calórico. Para evaluarlo se usa, entre otros, el Food Craving Questionnaire Trait, estructurado multidimensionalmente y validado en diversos países, el cual ha mostrado ser sensible y adaptable a los cambios contextuales-culturales. Objetivos: Validar y estandarizar el Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait en adultos de la Ciudad de México. Método: Estudio no experimental, transversal y aleatorizado de 1059 sujetos de uno y otro sexo, entre 18 y 84 años; 71.86 % del sexo femenino. Se examinaron propiedades psicométricas con análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Resultados: Se redujeron los factores del cuestionario y los ítems se reorganizaron de forma diferente al original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró ajuste adecuado y estandarización aceptable de los factores. Se encontró alta consistencia interna para el cuestionario global (a = 0.973 y rho = 0.975) para cada uno de los factores. Conclusión: Este estudio determina la viabilidad del Food Craving Questionnaire para población de la Ciudad de México.

Abstract Introduction: Food craving is a motivational and physiological response for eating specific foods, mainly with high caloric content. To assess food craving, self-reports, inventories and questionnaires are used. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait is multi-dimensionally structured and has been validated in several countries, since it is sensitive and adaptable to contextual-cultural changes. Objectives: To validate and standardize the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait in adults of Mexico City. Method: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, randomized study of 1059 subjects of both genders, between 18 and 84 years of age; 71.86 % of the female gender. Psychometric properties were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The domains of the questionnaire were reduced and the items were reorganized differently from the original version. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit and acceptable standardization of factors. High internal consistency was found for the global questionnaire (a = 0.973 and rho = 0.975) for each one of the domains. Conclusion: This study determines the viability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire for the population of Mexico City.

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We assess the element pollution level of water reservoir sediments using environmental magnetism techniques as a novel approach. Although "La Purísima" Water Reservoir is an important source for multiple activities (e.g. recreational, fishing and agricultural) in Guanajuato state, it has been receiving for the last centuries a high load of pollutants by mining extraction, urbanization and land-use change from the Guanajuato Hydrological Basin. The analyses of environmental magnetism, geochemistry, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and multivariate methods were applied to study sediments from the reservoir and basin. Accordingly, they indicate the presence of iron oxides (magnetite and hematite) and iron sulfides (pyrite and greigite), which evidences relevant differences in particle size and concentration within the water reservoir (median mass-specific magnetic susceptibility χ = 23.2 × 10-8 m3/kg), as well as with respect to the river basin sediments (median χ = 88.8 × 10-8 m3/kg). The highest enrichment factor EF values (median values of EF = 2-10 for As, Co, Ba, Cu, Cd, Ni and EF > 20 for S) are mainly associated with historical mining activities that have led to an enrichment of potentially toxic elements on these water reservoir sediments. We propose the use of concentration and grain size dependent magnetic parameters, i.e. χ, remanent magnetizations and anhysteretic ratios ARM/SIRM and χARM/χ, as proxies for Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, P and Pb pollution in these river and water reservoir sediments. Such parameters allow to evaluate this sedimentary environment, and similar ones, through useful and convenient proxies.

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We analyzed the publication productivity supported by the Puerto Rico Consortium for Clinical and Translational Research (PRCTRC) using the structured process of scientometrics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the research and collaborations as presented in publications. Manuscripts published from 2010 to 2018 and that had the PRCTRC award number and a PMCID number were retrieved from the Science Citation Index database. Scientometric indicators included h-index (HI), average citation (AC), collaboration coefficient (CC), collaboration index (CI), and degree of collaboration (DC) analysis, and relative citation ratio (RCR) was done with Web of Science Platform, iCite, and Stata software. Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software was used to calculate the annual percent change (APC). From 2010 to 2018, 341 publications were identified with an average of 38 publications per year and a total of 3569 citations excluding self-citations. A significant growth (APC: 17.76%, P < 0.05) of scientific production was observed. The overall HI was 31, and the AC per item was 11.04. The overall CC was 0.82, the CI was 8.59, and the DC was 99.1%. This study demonstrates a statistically significant increase in the PRCTRC scientific production. Results allow for the assessment of the progress resulting from the provided support and to plan further strategies accordingly.

RESUMEN

The objective was evaluate the carotenogenic activity of Dunaliella salina isolated from the artificial salt flats of municipality of Manaure (Department of La Guajira, Colombia). Two experimental testings were designed, in triplicate, to induce the reversibility of the cell tonality depending on the culture conditions. In the first test (A), to induce the reversibility from green to red tonality in D. salina cells, these were cultured in J/1 medium at a concentration of 4.0 M NaCl, 390 µmol m-2 s-1, 0.50 mM KNO3. In the second test (B), to induce the reversibility from red to green cell tonality, the cultures were maintained in J/1 medium 1 M NaCl, 190 µmol m-2 s-1, 5.0 mM KNO3 and pH 8.2. The population growth was evaluated by cell count and the pigment content was performed by spectrophotometric techniques. It was found that in both tests the culture conditions influenced the population growth and the pigments production of D. salina. There was a significant difference between the mean values of total carotenoids in the test A with 9.67 ±â€¯0.19 µg/ml and second test with 1.54 ±â€¯0.08 µg/ml at a significance level of p < 0.05. It was demonstrated that the culture conditions of test A induce the production of lipophilic antioxidants, among these carotenoids. The knowledge of the stressful conditions for the production of carotenoids from D. salina isolated from artificial saline of Manaure opens a field in implementation of this biotic resource for biotechnological purposes, production of new antibiotics, nutraceuticals and/or biofuels production.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Double pituitary adenomas are a rare occurrence. Synchronous clinical manifestation is extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a 51-year-old female with symptoms of both hypercortisolism and acromegaly during the past 2 years. Endocrine evaluation confirmed active acromegaly and revealed adrenocorticotropin hormone-dependent hypercortisolemia. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary demonstrated separated double microadenomas with different intensity. Immunohistochemical analysis of each separate adenoma confirmed an exact diagnosis. The diagnosis of acromegaly and adrenocorticotropin hormone-dependent Cushing's disease was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: This is the third reported case in the literature of synchronous clinical manifestation of acromegaly and Cushing's disease. Extensive surgical exploration of the sella must be performed to avoid surgical failures from residual tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis is required to confirm an exact diagnosis for each of the double pituitary adenomas.

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