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The number of food products with genetically modified (GM) crops on the global market has increased due to advancements in genetic engineering technology. Legislation regulating the labeling and use of GM crops has increased considerably worldwide to provide consumers with health and safety assurance. It is still unclear whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are present in the food market of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to a lack of scientific studies. This work was planned to detect GM rice and GM potatoes in the Saudi food market. One hundred non-labeled rice and rice product samples and 50 potato and potato samples were collected randomly from different market sites of Makkah, Riyadh and Jeddah during 2022-2023. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract DNA. Viviants DNA extraction kit was used to extract DNA from rice starch and potato chips. To find GMOs in samples, CMOScreen 35S and NOS test kits were utilized. DNA-based qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to screen targets for PCR detection of GM rice sequences. The results indicated that 32 (32%) rice samples were positive for CaMV 35S promoter, while no positive result was detected for the NOS terminator. Besides, 30% of potato samples were positive for the CaMV 35S promoter, and the same samples were positive for the presence of the Cry V gene. It could be concluded that there were GM rice and potatoes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's food markets. Establishing strong regulations and certified laboratories to monitor genetically modified foods (GMF) or crops in the Saudi market is recommended.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on amniotic fluid volume and uterine artery blood flow after 4 weeks of treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 140 participants with unexplained oligohydramnios at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt. Participants were randomly assigned to ω-3 plus capsules or placebo. Categorical variables were analyzed by means of the χ2 test, whereas continuous variables were analyzed by means of the independent-sample T-test between the two groups. RESULTS: One hundred and forty women were recruited. There was significant improvement in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) in the ω-3 plus group in comparison with the placebo group (P=0.001). Moreover, there were significant decreases in the systolic/diastolic ratio (P=0.01), resistance index (P=0.041) and pulsatility index (P=0.002) of the uterine arteries in the ω-3 plus group when comparing baseline values with those after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ω-3 fatty acids may have a role in the increase in AFI in cases of unexplained oligohydramnios. This effect may be secondary to the increase in uterine blood flow.

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The aim of the study was to compare synthetic monofilament suture materials with chromic catgut and silk in aural wound closure. Forty patients undergoing mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty were randomized to closure with either 3o PDS (Polydioxanone) to fascia plus 3o Prolene to skin, or 2o chromic catgut to fascia plus 3o silk to skin. Known or suspected factors affecting wound healing were recorded. Nine patients had post-operative wound infections. The infection rate was significantly lower in wounds closed with PDS and Prolene (chi 2 = 6.05, p less than .05), and in tympanoplasty operations (chi 2 = 4.42, p less than .05). Four patients suffered wound dehiscence, all four had been closed with catgut and silk. No other complication of wound healing was noted in the trial. In conclusion, PDS and Prolene are superior suture materials to catgut and silk in the closure of aural wounds.

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Otorhinolaryngological operations would be facilitated by the use of a safe, cheap, surgical adhesive. Though commercial fibrin glue is effective, it is both relatively expensive and, because it is prepared from pooled human blood, there has been concern that it carries the risk of transmitting viral disease, in particular hepatitis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We describe a rapid, cheap method of preparing sufficient fibrin glue, of adequate bonding power, from a small quantity of the patient's own blood, and therefore with no risk of contracting viral disease. Our method of preparation of fibrin glue promises to provide a valuable adjunct to otorhinolaryngological surgical practice.

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Sixty 4-week-old New Zealand albino rabbits, obtained as 20 sets of littermates, were divided into three groups such that one rabbit from each litter appeared in each group. After radiological measurements of cranial dimensions, all animals underwent nasal electrocauterization. Group 1 underwent cauterization but no nasal obstruction was created. Cauterization was done to produce unilateral obstruction in group 2 and bilateral obstruction in group 3. After growth had ceased, the prepared skull of the mature animal was measured to assess the alveolar and cranial dimensions. The alveolar arch in the animals with bilateral obstruction was significantly narrower and shorter than in the control rabbits and in those with unilateral obstruction, but there was no significant difference in the palatal height among the three groups.

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Results of 362 patients with squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx are presented. The hospital mortality was 25 per cent for patients treated surgically. The mortality was increased by previous radiotherapy and poor general condition, and also depended on the method of pharyngeal repair: the mortality for visceral (stomach or colon) transposition was higher than that for repair by skin flaps. The chance of long term survival decreased with increasing N stage, and was also reduced for patients undergoing visceral repair compared with skin flap repair of the pharynx.

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This is a controlled animal experiment in which the effect of chronic nasal obstruction on the arterial blood gases was studied. Sixty female New Zealand Albino rabbits, in groups of 3 litter mates were assigned to 3 groups: control, unilateral nasal obstruction, and bilateral nasal obstruction. Nasal obstruction was produced using coagulating electro-cautery and the values of pO2, pCO2 and pH in the arterial blood were studied. In animals with unilateral nasal obstruction the blood gas values were similar to those in the control group. In animals with bilateral nasal obstruction there was a marked fall in pO2 and a marked increase in pCO2. These changes were statistically significant, but there was no significant change in arterial pH in any of the obstructed groups.

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This paper discusses the results of treatment of post-cricoid carcinoma based on a personal series of 141 patients. The following conclusions can be drawn: small tumours with no clinical evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis should almost certainly be treated with radiotherapy, which gives a 5-year survival of approximately 35%. Surgery for recurrent disease after radiotherapy if fraught with complications, and satisfactory salvage is seldom possible. Surgery for larger tumours and those associated with neck node metastases has a lower (20%) 5-year survival with a high incidence of complications. The main problem after pharyngolaryngectomy is replacement of the pharynx. There is no evidence that any one of the methods in common use (skin flaps, transposition of the colon or stomach) is superior to any other.

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In the treatment of glottic T3 carcinoma there are four possible methods (1) primary radical surgery, (2) primary radical radiotherapy, (3) radical surgery with preoperative irradiation or (4) partial surgery. This study shows that patients treated primarily by surgery achieve worse results than those treated by radiotherapy.

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A case report of a child with an acquired oesophageal pouch is presented. A chronically impacted radio-lucent coin in the oesophagus resulted in a dilatation of the oesophagus above the obstruction. This dilatation mimicked a pharyngeal pouch and the problems of diagnosis are discussed.

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Fifty patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with total pharyngolaryngectomy and staged reconstruction using delto-pectoral flaps in the years from 1967-1976 were studied. The main complications were fistulae and stricture formation; these are described. The hospital mortality was low, and postoperative deaths only occurred in previously irradiated patients. The crude 5-year survival was 35%.

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