RESUMEN
The purpose of this manuscript is to assess and compare HIV risk behaviors among early adolescents after a three-year pilot study. A total of 135 public and private junior high schools students completed the intervention protocol. A self-administered questionnaire was given at baseline and at the end of the third year (fourth measure). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0. About 60% of the students were 14 years old at the fourth measure. The proportion of students that did not report at least one HIV risk behavior at baseline and those that reported any risk behavior at the fourth measure was lower in the intervention group (45.0%) than in the control group (54.5%). The proportion of students that reported at least one HIV risk behavior at baseline and those that did not report any HIV risk behavior at the fourth measure was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (33.3% vs. 8.3%). The proportion of students engaging in HIV risk behaviors was higher in the control group than in the intervention group at the fourth measure, suggesting that A Supportive Model for HIV Risk Reduction in Early Adolescence (ASUMA) intervention might be a promising initiative to reduce adolescents' engagement in HIV risk behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Asunción de Riesgos , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/etnología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Masculino , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Puerto Rico , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the state of glycemic control in noncritically ill diabetic patients admitted to the Puerto Rico University Hospital and adherence to current standard of care guidelines for the treatment of diabetes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients admitted to a general medicine ward with diabetes mellitus as a secondary diagnosis. Clinical data for the first 5 days and the last 24 hours of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 147 noncritically ill diabetic patients were evaluated. The rates of hyperglycemia (blood glucose ≥180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) were 56.7 and 2.8%, respectively. Nearly 60% of patients were hyperglycemic during the first 24 hours of hospitalization (mean random blood glucose, 226.5 mg/dL), and 54.2% were hyperglycemic during the last 24 hours of hospitalization (mean random blood glucose, 196.51 mg/dL). The mean random last glucose value before discharge was 189.6 mg/dL. Most patients were treated with subcutaneous insulin, with basal insulin alone (60%) used as the most common regimen. The proportion of patients classified as uncontrolled receiving basal-bolus therapy increased from 54.3% on day 1 to 60% on day 5, with 40% continuing to receive only basal insulin. Most of the uncontrolled patients had their insulin dose increased (70.1%); however, a substantial proportion had no change (23.7%) or even a decrease (6.2%) in their insulin dose. CONCLUSION: The management of hospitalized diabetic patients is suboptimal, probably due to clinical inertia, manifested by absence of appropriate modification of insulin regimen and intensification of dose in uncontrolled diabetic patients. A comprehensive educational diabetes management program, along with standardized insulin orders, should be implemented to improve the care of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Pacientes Internos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We describe the changes in the socio demographic, risk behavior, immunological and clinical trends profiles of a cohort HIV patients followed at the Retrovirus Research Center, at baseline and study periods interval by periods intervals: 1992-1997, 1998-2003, and 2004-2008. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a longitudinal cohort comprised of 4016 HIV/AIDS patients admitted to the RRC since January 1992. Data collected include socio-demographic variables; risk related variables; psychological variables; and clinical variable by periods of study. RESULTS. The most common AIDS defining conditions observed in patients were: Pneumocistis Cariini pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis of brain (TP), and wasting syndrome (WS). Chronic conditions are more prevalent than AIDS-defining conditions in the cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the socio demographic, HIV risk behavior profile; and the immunological and clinical trends among HIV patients is critical for redesigning services and programs oriented in HIV patient care.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/inmunología , Asunción de Riesgos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Demografía , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is associated with risky behaviors related with social and developmental factors. Objectives were to describe social and developmental factors affecting Puerto Rican early adolescent by gender and type of school at study entry. METHODS: Cross-sectional study design. The study group was composed by 168 seventh grade adolescents from private and public schools. Descriptive and non-parametric comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Significance differences among proportions for gender by type of school were found in the following variables: self-esteem and HIV/AIDS attitudes in public school and peer pressure and sensation seeking in private school. DISCUSSION: Our study revealed that public school adolescents are characterized by males with higher self-esteem and less attitude for HIV/AIDS, while in private school the males has more peer pressure and seeking sensation than females. Future studies could analyze factors related with changes in developmental factors, this step is important to evaluate the effectiveness of ASUMA interventions.