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This research aimed to optimize the processing conditions to obtain ready-to-eat extruded snacks with a high fiber content from mixtures of pineapple byproduct powder (PBP) and nixtamalized maize flour (PBP-NMF) or maize flour (PBP-MF). The effects of barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and PBP were evaluated. The increase in barrel temperature has a negative effect on the bulk density, the water absorption index, and the texture in both mixtures (PBP-MF and PBP-NMF) and increases the expansion index and the water solubility index in the mixture with MF. The increase in the feed moisture content increased the bulk density and water absorption index in both mixtures and the texture in the mixtures with MF. The increasing PBP decreases the expansion index and increases the water solubility index in both mixtures. The increase in PBP in the mixtures with MF decreases the water absorption index, texture, and bulk density. From the optimization, four products were obtained, two for the NMF mixture and two for the MF mixtures. The optimal formulations can be considered a good source of total fiber (12.46-12.78 g/100 g) and protein (8.27-8.85 g/100 g) with good acceptance by consumers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pineapple byproducts in combination with nixtamalized and nonnixtamalized maize flour are viable raw materials for the development of ready-to-eat extruded snacks with a high content of dietary fiber and good acceptance by consumers. Due to their characteristic nutritional properties, the consumption of this ready-to-eat snack could present potential benefits for human health.

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BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and shelf-life of corn tortilla stored at room temperature (25 °C) using aw modifiers (propylene glycol and glycerol) and pH modifiers (fumaric acid and sodium benzoate) as preservatives combined with calcium hydroxide. Detection thresholds were used to determine the maximum preservative concentration and calcium hydroxide. Physicochemical characterization and sensory evaluation were used to determine the stability and sensory shelf-life of tortillas. RESULTS: Control, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide + fumaric acid, calcium hydroxide + glycerol, calcium hydroxide + propylene glycol, and calcium hydroxide + sodium benzoate treatments had rounded half-lives of 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, and 2 days respectively. Glycerol combined with calcium hydroxide resulted in tortillas with lower pH variations over time. Mold presence was the critical attribute causing tortilla rejection. CONCLUSION: The use of aw modifiers had a better effect in preserving corn tortilla, as the concentration of pH modifiers at detection threshold levels was not able to reach an optimum performance when combined with calcium hydroxide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the nut and kernel of the Mexican pink pinion (Pinus pinea L.), as well as the physicochemical and functional properties of whole pink pinion meal (WPPM) as well defatted pink pinion meal (DPPM). The length, width, thickness, geometric diameter, arithmetic diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area, volume, density and hardness of the nut were higher than those of the kernels. The kernel had the highest coefficient of friction, while the nut had the highest angle of repose. WPPM had high fat and protein contents, at 40.5 g/100 g and 41.1 g/100 g, respectively. The major component of DPPM was protein (64.85 g/100 g). The DPPM had higher water absorption, oil absorption, emulsifying and lower gelation capacities (4%), indicating that the meal is a potential source of protein isolates or additives for functional foods and WPPM in food formulations.