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Objectives An observational, retrospective, longitudinal, and analytical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block in managing pain in patients with vertebral fractures secondary to tumoral activity. This study included patients treated at the Pain Clinic who underwent ESP block. The objectives were to describe demographic characteristics, oncological diagnosis, vertebral fracture features, imaging techniques, medications used, and the level of ESP block. Additionally, pain levels were assessed using a numerical analog scale, and the consumption of opioid analgesic medications before and after the ESP block, during follow-up consultations, along with patient satisfaction. Methodology This retrospective, observational, and analytical study was conducted at the Pain Clinic of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico. Patients with vertebral fractures secondary to tumor activity were included, with data collected from March 2020 to September 2023. A consecutive non-probabilistic sampling method was employed, and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for quantitative variables, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. IBM SPSS Statistics v. 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) software was utilized. Results A sample comprising 16 individuals was obtained, with an equal distribution between males and females. Fracture levels displayed variation, with L3 (12.5%) and T6 (12.5%) being the most prevalent. The ESP approach was primarily conducted using ultrasound (68.8%), while fluoroscopy and computed tomography were utilized in 25.0% and 6.3% of cases, respectively. Predominantly, methylprednisolone and ropivacaine (75.0%) were administered, with phenol used in 18.8% and a combination of methylprednisolone and bupivacaine in 6.3%. Patient satisfaction levels were reported at 81.3% (satisfied or very satisfied). Statistically significant disparities were noted between baseline and incidental pain reduction and oral opioid equivalent dosage in milligrams of morphine per day (MME/day) before and after ESP block (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions This research provides promising preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of ESP block for pain management in vertebral fractures secondary to tumoral activity, enhancing the quality and safety of care for oncology patients. The absence of complications, significant improvement in pain, and reduction in opioid dependence underscore the clinical relevance of this therapeutic approach. An observational, retrospective, longitudinal, and analytical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ESP block in managing pain in patients with vertebral fractures secondary to tumoral activity. This study included patients treated at the Pain Clinic who underwent ESP block. The objectives were to describe demographic characteristics, oncological diagnosis, vertebral fracture features, imaging techniques, medications used, and the level of ESP block. Additionally, pain levels were assessed using a numerical analogue scale, and the consumption of opioid analgesic medications before and after the ESP block, during follow-up consultations, along with patient satisfaction.

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El presente artículo es resultado de una investigación realizada en el año 2012, cuyo objetivo principal es utilizar las prácticas de laboratorio como una estrategia didáctica que desde el paradigma constructivista promueva la construcción de conocimiento científico escolar El enfoque metodológico de la investigación es cualitativo. La muestra de estudio constó de ocho estudiantes de grado undécimo, escogidos aleatoriamente. Se ejecutaron cuatro momentos en la metodología, en el primero se realizaron test para identificar las ideas previas de los estudiantes; en el segundo se diseñaron guías y prácticas de laboratorio teniendo en cuenta los niveles de abertura, posteriormente se hizo la aplicación de las mismas y en el último momento se estableció el análisis cualitativo correspondiente. Como resultado se evidenció que en el desarrollo de las prácticas la motivación y el interés durante el proceso eran mayores en los estudiantes, lo cual contribuyó al desarrollo de ciertas habilidades científicas. Los resultados del post test fueron significativos, se logró fortalecer en los educandos las destrezas y la comprensión de los conceptos relacionados con la temática de reacciones químicas. De la investigación se puede concluir que las prácticas de laboratorio, concebidas como una estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las reacciones químicas, permitió el desarrollo de algunas habilidades científicas y un aprendizaje más significativo de los conceptos asociados con la temática en los estudiantes.

This article is the result of an investigation conducted in 2012, whose main objective is to use the labs as a teaching strategy from the constructivist paradigm that promotes the construction of school scientific knowledge. The methodological approach is qualitative research. The study sample group contained 8 eleventh graders randomly chosen. 4 times in the methodology were implemented in the first test were performed to identify the previous ideas of students; in the second laboratory guidelines and practices they were designed taking into account the levels of openness, then applying the same was done at the last moment and the corresponding qualitative analysis was developed. As a result it is evident that in the development of practical motivation and interest in the process was higher in students, which contributed to the development of certain scientific skills, the results of the post test were significant, it was possible to strengthen students the skills and understanding of concepts related to the topic of chemical reactions. The investigation can be concluded that laboratory practices conceived as a teaching strategy for teaching and learning of chemical reactions allowed the development of some scientific skills and a more meaningful learning of concepts associated with the topic in students.

Este artigo é o resultado de uma investigação realizada em 2012, cujo principal objetivo é usar os laboratórios como estratégia de ensino a partir do paradigma construtivista que promove a construção do conhecimento científico escola. A abordagem metodológica é a pesquisa qualitativa. A amostra do estudo foi composta de oito alunos do décimo primeiro grau, escolhidas aleatoriamente. quatro momentos na metodologia foram implementadas no primeiro teste foram realizados para identificar as ideias anteriores de estudantes; no segundo diretrizes laboratoriais e práticas foram concebidas tendo em conta os níveis de abertura, posteriormente, fez a sua aplicação e, no último momento a análise qualitativa correspondente foi estabelecida. Como resultado, tornou-se evidente que o desenvolvimento da motivação prática e interesse no processo foram maiores nos alunos, que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de certas competências científicas. resultados pós-teste foram significativos, foi possível reforçar nos alunos as habilidades e compreensão de conceitos relacionados ao tema de reações químicas. A investigação pode-se concluir que as práticas de laboratório, concebida como uma estratégia de ensino para o ensino e aprendizagem de reações químicas, permitiu o desenvolvimento de algumas habilidades científicas e uma aprendizagem mais significativa de conceitos associados com o tema em estudantes.

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The situs inversus totalis is a rare condition associated with multiple congenital malformations, the most common heart defects and is associated with more complex syndromes such as Kartagener. Most of the time, the defect is found after a physical examination for other reason. We reported the case of a patient diagnosed on the first day of extra-uterine life. It has been the first case reported in the state of Guerrero, with several prenatal history of interest. Our aim is to emphasize that early diagnosis completely changes the future healthcare. Reviewing the literature, it does not have any algorithm on searching protocol of congenital malformations and management attention on common pathologies.

El situs inversus totalis es una entidad rara asociada con múltiples malformaciones congénitas, las más frecuentes son las cardiacas; asimismo, se asocia a síndromes más complejos como el de Kartagener. En la mayoría de las ocasiones, la entidad es un hallazgo tras un examen físico por alguna otra razón. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente diagnosticado en el primer día de vida extrauterina; siendo este el primer caso reportado en el estado de Guerrero, con numerosos antecedentes prenatales de interés. Nuestro objetivo es enfatizar que el diagnóstico temprano modifica por completo la atención médica futura. Al revisar la literatura no se cuenta con algoritmo alguno sobre el protocolo de búsqueda de malformaciones congénitas, así como sobre el manejo de atención en patologías comunes.

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A subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) phenol injection was performed on a patient with refractory cancer pain due a metastatic involvement of the abdominal wall. A diagnostic block with local anesthetic was performed under ultrasound guidance (USG), resulting in a decrease of 80% and 100% in dynamic and static visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, respectively, for 20 hours. A phenol injection was then performed under USG. The patient reported 70% and 100% reduction in the dynamic and static VAS for pain and had a 50% decrease in the opioid requirement that was maintained for 2 months. TAP blocks offer an interesting tool for either diagnosis or therapeutic purpose in chronic pain management. USG provides an optimal approach to soft-tissue lesions where fluoroscopy techniques are not useful.

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Propósito: las afecciones musculoesqueléticas son causa frecuente de dolor y discapacidad en el anciano, el conocimiento de estas patologías se hace necesario dado que la presentación de algunas de ellas son diferente en los adultos mayores, tales como artritis reumatoide, lupus eritematoso sistémico, fibromialgia, y otras patologías son más frecuentes entre ellos, así como la osteartritis y polimialgia reumática. Por ende el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico es de vital importancia dado los cambios que se presentan en este grupo poblacional secundarios al envejecimiento. Fuente de obtención de los datos: se realizó una búsqueda de literatura a través de pubmed, considerando epidemiologia, enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de las afecciones musculoesqueléticas en el adulto mayor, enfocando actualizaciones en temas de revisión. Síntesis de los datos: el dolor musculoesquelético tiene un bajo abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico debido a que la mayoría del personal de salud lo considera como secundario al envejecimiento. Se hace una revisión de las principales patologías musculoesqueléticas y las diferencias en el manejo terapéutico a considerar en el anciano. Conclusiones: el dolor musculoesquelético es una causa frecuente discapacidad en el anciano, su correcto diagnóstico hace que se reduzcan secuelas funcionales dadas por la inmovilidad secundaria y aislamiento social que conlleva. Igualmente debe considerarse que el envejecimiento puede afectar la farmacodinamia, por lo cual algunos fármacos deben usarse con cautela en los adultos mayores (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 30-35).

Purpose: musculoskeletal disorders are common causes of pain and disability in the elderly. Knowledge of these conditions is necessary, since the clinical presentation of some of them is different in older adults. Among these illnesses are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is vital in view of the changes that occur in this population due to aging. Source of data collection: a systematic review of the literature through PubMed, searching for epidemiology, diagnosis and therapeutic approach of musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly; only topic revisions were chosen. Data Synthesis: musculoskeletal pain has an unsatisfactory diagnostic and therapeutic approach, because the majority of health workers consider it to be due to aging. We review major musculoskeletal conditions and differences in the therapeutic management to be considered in the elderly. Conclusions: musculoskeletal pain is a common cause of disability in the elderly. Correct diagnosis reduces its functional consequences, such as immobility and social isolation. It must also be considered that aging can affect drug kinetics, so that some drugs should be used cautiously in older adults (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 30-35).

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El manejo adecuado del dolor es uno de los síntomas más frecuentes en los pacientes con cáncer en progresión en quienes se está realizando manejo paliativo y control de los síntomas al final de la vida, sin embargo no siempre es fácil conseguir un adecuado control y no es infrecuente que nos enfrentemos a pacientes con dolor severo a pesar de un tratamiento multimodal que incluye el uso y rotación de opioides como estrategia analgésica principal. Los procedimientos analgésicos invasivos, dentro de los que se encuentran la infusión de anestésicos locales y opioides a través de un catéter epidural, puede ser una estrategia terapéutica para el manejo de estos pacientes con dolor crónico oncológico refractario (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 36-37).

Adequate management of pain is an important goal in cancer patients undergoing end-of-life palliative treatment and symptom management. However, adequate pain control is not always easy, and it is not uncommon for patients to face up to severe pain despite a multimodal treatment including the use and rotation of opiates as analgesic strategy. Invasive analgesic procedures such as infusion of local anesthetics and opiates through an epidural catheter can be a therapeutic strategy for the management of these patients with refractory chronic cancer pain, and must be considered in special cases (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 36-37).

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EEG sources were assessed in a group of patients with major moderate-severe depressive disorder (MDD) as classified by trained clinicians according to DSM-IV criteria. Frequency Domain Variable Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (FD-VARETA) was used to calculate EEG sources. The Z-values indicated that EEG sources were abnormal (increase in current density) in all patients, with most demonstrating abnormal EEG sources in both hemispheres but with maximal inverse solution located primarily in the right. Twenty-nine patients had a predominant topography of the abnormal EEG maximal inverse solution in the frontal lobes. The remaining seven patients had a bilateral abnormal increase in current density in the superior parietal lobe. The EEG maximal abnormal inverse solution frequency was observed in both hemispheres such that the increases in current density were prevalent in alpha and theta bands. The results suggest that any of the two hemispheres could be affected by MDD, but abnormal EEG sources can be found more frequently in the right one, with the maximal abnormal inverse solution at the alpha and theta bands in frontal and parietal cortices.

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The tricuspid atresia associated with persistent truncus arteriosus is a rare anomaly. A case is presented of one male patient of three months age in which was detected a cardiac murmur. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The first step of the palliation was done with disconnection of the trunk of the pulmonary artery combined with a systemic- to- pulmonary shunt of 4 mm. The patient died 24 hours later for persistent metabolic acidosis.

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The tricuspid atresia associated with persistent truncus arteriosus is a rare anomaly. A case is presented of one male patient of three months age in which was detected a cardiac murmur. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The first step of the palliation was done with disconnection of the trunk of the pulmonary artery combined with a systemic- to- pulmonary shunt of 4 mm. The patient died 24 hours later for persistent metabolic acidosis.

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La finalidad del estudio fue determinar los cambios en los parámetros de oxigenación, presión arterial pulmonar y sistémica, posterior a la administración de óxido nítrico (NO), en el postoperatorio inmediato de pacientes pediátricos con hipertensión arterial pulmonar severa secundaria a cardiopatía congénita sometidos a corrección quirúrgica.Se estudiaron 7 pacientes, con una media de edad de 3.6 años. En todos fue realizada cirugía correctiva. El óxido nítrico se inició en el postoperatorio inmediato, la dosis osciló entre 15 a 25 ppm con media de 20 ppm, con promedio de duración en su aplicación de 3.5 días. Fueron medidos: índice de oxigenación, gradiente alveolo-arterial, presión arterial media pulmonar y sistémica, tanto al inicio de la administración del óxico nítrico como a las 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 72 horas después, también fueron cuantificados los niveles exhalados de óxido nitroso (NO2) y de metahemoglobina sérica.Los resultados obtenidos fueron para el índice de oxigenación, inicial 166 ñ 100 y final 210 ñ 98; gradiente alveolo-arterial 270 ñ 145, inicial y 163 ñ 167, final; presión arterial pulmonar media 34 ñ 17 mmHg, inicial y 39 ñ 19 mmHg final; presión arterial media sistémica 69 ñ 10 mmHg inicial y final 82 ñ 15 mmHg.En conclusión, el óxido nítrico produjo disminución del gradiente alveolo-arterial sin cambios significativos de la presión arterial media pulmonar y sistémica. No fue suspendido el óxido nítrico, en ninguno de los pacientes, por efectos tóxicos.

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