RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension, an important but frequently misdiagnosed cause of headache, is often associated with the presence of an underlying systemic connective tissue disorder. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a relatively common systemic connective tissue disorder that has been associated with other causes of headache, such as intracranial aneurysm and cervico-cephalic arterial dissection. The study aim was to assess the frequency of BAV among patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. METHODS: The medical records of a consecutive group of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were reviewed for the presence of BAV. The control population consisted of a group of patients evaluated for face pain or headache not due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. RESULTS: The presence of a BAV was confirmed in three of 273 patients (1.1%) with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, but in none of 506 controls (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Patients with BAV may be at an increased risk of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The aortic valvular cusps, as well as the spinal dura, are derived from cells that originate in the neural crest; hence, a disorder of neural crest cell migration could explain the findings of BAV and spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the presently reported patients.
Asunto(s)
Válvula Aórtica/anomalías , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Hipotensión Intracraneal/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Dolor Facial/etiología , Femenino , Cefalea/etiología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipotensión Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart defect affecting half to 2% of the population. A generalized connective tissue disorder also involving the intracranial arteries has been suspected in this patient population. We therefore screened a group of patients with BAV for the presence of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: Magnetic resonance angiography or CT angiography of the brain was used in 61 patients with BAV (age, 29-70 years [mean 48 years]) and in 291 controls (28-78 years [mean 56 years]). RESULTS: Intracranial aneurysms were detected in 6 of 61 patients with BAV (9.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4%-17.3%). This was significantly higher than in the control population (3/291 [1.1%; 95% CI 0%-2.2%]) (p = 0.0012). Female sex (p = 0.02) and advanced age (p = 0.003), risk factors for intracranial aneurysm development, were more common in the control population than among the patients with a BAV. No significant differences were detected in age, sex, smoking, arterial hypertension, alcohol use, aortic diameter, or frequency of aortic coarctation between BAV patients with and without intracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, the frequency of intracranial aneurysms among our bicuspid aortic valve patient population was significantly higher than in the control population.
Asunto(s)
Válvula Aórtica/anomalías , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Femenino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Intracraneal/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Surgical management of intracardiac tumors arising in the inferior vena cava often requires total circulatory arrest for safe and adequate resection. Total circulatory arrest has traditionally been accomplished by accessing the great vessels through a sternotomy. Combination of a sternotomy and a large abdominal incision results in excellent exposure but also creates the potential for significant morbidity. We report here the resection of cavoatrial tumors by achieving total circulatory arrest through femoral arterial and venous cannulation without requiring a sternotomy. This minimal-access total circulatory approach has the potential to greatly diminish morbidity when managing tumors of the inferior vena cava.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Neoplasias Cardíacas/terapia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Neoplasias Vasculares/terapia , Vena Cava Inferior , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Femenino , Paro Cardíaco Inducido , Atrios Cardíacos , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Humanos , Leiomiosarcoma/patología , Leiomiosarcoma/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias Vasculares/patología , Vena Cava Inferior/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Complete revascularization has been the standard for coronary bypass grafting. However, surgical intervention has evolved with increasing use of arterial conduits and off-pump techniques. METHODS: Patients undergoing non-redo bypass surgery from January 1998 through December 2000 were followed up with questionnaires and telephone contact. Incomplete revascularization was defined as absence of bypass grafts placed to a coronary territory supplied by a vessel with 50% or greater stenosis. RESULTS: One thousand thirty-four patients were followed for a mean of 3.3 +/- 1.6 years. Complete revascularization was found in 937 (90.6%) patients, and incomplete revascularization was found in 97 (9.4%) patients. Eight hundred twenty-seven (80.4%) patients underwent on-pump operations, and 207 (19.6%) underwent off-pump operations. Incomplete revascularization was more prevalent in off-pump versus on-pump operations (21.7% vs 6.3%, P < .001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that in-hospital cerebrovascular accidents (hazard ratio, 5.49; P < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (hazard ratio, 1.97; P = .019), and incomplete revascularization (hazard ratio, 1.85; P = .040) predicted an increased hazard (risk) of cardiac death. Left internal thoracic artery (hazard ratio, 0.38; P = .047), right internal thoracic artery (hazard ratio, 0.25; P = .019), and radial artery (hazard ratio, 0.36; P < .001) grafting reduced the risk of cardiac death. The 5-year unadjusted survival rate was 52.6% versus 82.4% in patients undergoing incomplete and complete revascularization ( P < .001), with cardiac survival rates of 74.5% versus 93.1%, respectively ( P < .001). However, this difference in cardiac survival was smaller in octogenarians with incomplete versus complete revascularizations (77.4% vs 87.6%, P = .101) and was essentially absent in off-pump versus on-pump operations if complete revascularization was achieved in both cases (93.6% vs 93.1%, P > .200). CONCLUSIONS: Complete revascularization and arterial grafting improve 5-year survival. Off-pump techniques do not affect survival. Complete revascularization should be performed whenever possible.
Asunto(s)
Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis Multivariante , Análisis de Regresión , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this study we compared the surgical management of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) by revascularization alone and by revascularization combined with mitral valve repair. METHODS: We studied 355 patients who underwent revascularization alone (n = 168) or revascularization combined with mitral valve repair (n = 187) for IMR from March 1994 to September 2003. Preoperative and operative characteristics, postoperative mitral regurgitation severity, operative mortality, and late survival were examined for each surgical group. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the two groups in age, sex, history of diabetes or hypertension, and number of bypass grafts. The combined surgical group had a lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (0.38 +/- 0.14 versus 0.44 +/- 0.15), greater severity of IMR, higher frequency of prior myocardial infarction, and longer cross-clamp and pump times (p < 0.01). The combined surgical group had a greater reduction in IMR grade (2.7 +/- 0.1 grades versus 0.2 +/- 0.1 grade), a lower postoperative IMR grade (0.9 +/- 0.1 versus 2.3 +/- 0.1), and a higher success with reduction of IMR by two or more grades (89% versus 11%) (p < 0.001). In patients with 3+ or 4+ IMR, both groups had similar operative mortality (11.0% in the combined group compared with 4.7% for revascularization alone, p = 0.11) and actuarial survival at 5 years (44% +/- 5% versus 41% +/- 7%, p = 0.53). Independently predictive of higher early mortality (< or = 30 days) by Cox analysis were longer pump time (p < 0.001) and older age (p < 0.02). Predictive of late mortality (> 30 days) were older age (p < 0.001), fewer bypass grafts (p < 0.01), and lower ejection fraction (p < 0.01). After adjustment for these variables, there was a trend (p = 0.08) toward a higher late survival with the combined surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with IMR, combined mitral valve repair and revascularization resulted in less postoperative mitral regurgitation and similar 5-year survival when compared with revascularization alone. Attempts to reduce pump time by using off-pump techniques may reduce early mortality in these high-risk patients.
Asunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/métodos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Revascularización Miocárdica/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
HYPOTHESIS: Hypothermic total circulatory arrest (TCA) in the resection and replacement of the thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aorta is safe, will significantly decrease the incidence of postoperative renal failure, and should be preferentially performed over left heart bypass (LHB). DESIGN: Retrospective review case series. SETTING: Large, private, urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS: All adult patients with aortic disease that involved the distal aortic arch, the descending thoracic aorta, or the thoracoabdominal aorta who underwent resection and graft replacement of the diseased segment via LHB or TCA at our institution from 1989 to 2001 are included in this study. A total of 59 patients were evaluated: 10 had descending thoracic aneurysms, 20 had thoracoabdominal aneurysms, 22 had chronic type B dissections, 4 had acute type B dissections, and 3 had adult coarctations. INTERVENTIONS: In 1989 to 1994, LHB was primarily used; in 1994 to 2001, TCA was primarily used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Renal failure, 30-day operative mortality, paraplegia, and any other morbidities. RESULTS: A significant decrease occurred in the incidence of postoperative renal failure from 15% (3/20) in patients who underwent LHB to 0% (0/39) in patients who underwent TCA (P = .04). Furthermore, a significant decrease occurred in the 30-day operative mortality, which decreased from 20% (4/20) in patients who underwent LHB to 5% (2/39) in patients who underwent TCA (P = .04). Postoperative paraplegia decreased from 5% (1/20) in patients who underwent LHB to 2.6% (1/39) in patients who underwent TCA (P > .99). CONCLUSIONS: Our use of TCA in the resection and replacement of the diseased thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aorta has produced excellent results. Our patients have experienced no postoperative renal failure and a low 30-day operative mortality. The use of TCA in this patient population is a viable option for surgeons comfortable with the technique.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma de la Aorta/cirugía , Coartación Aórtica/cirugía , Disección Aórtica/cirugía , Paro Cardíaco Inducido , Adulto , Disección Aórtica/mortalidad , Aneurisma de la Aorta/mortalidad , Coartación Aórtica/mortalidad , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Options for managing heart failure patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to inotropic and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy are limited. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) can bridge these patients to heart transplantation. However, controversy exists over whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) before VAD placement is beneficial. We report our use of biventricular assist devices (BiVADs) as a direct bridge to transplant. Since July 1999, 19 Thoratec BiVADs were implanted for heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy. Patient ages ranged from 20 to 67 years. Causes of heart failure included idiopathic 32%, ischemic 26%, postcardiotomy 21%, and other 21%. All patients were in cardiogenic shock, and three were receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before implant. Preimplant conditions included IABP 89%, mechanical ventilation 68%, three or more inotropes 84%, hyperbilirubinemia 59%, acute renal failure 63%, and hemodialysis 16%. Fifty-nine percent of patients bridged successfully to transplantation, with 90% posttransplant survival. Duration of BiVAD support ranged from 0 to 91 days, with two patients currently on support awaiting transplantation. Complications included bleeding requiring reoperation 26%, stroke 11%, infection (any positive culture) 68%, and cannula site infection 5%. The Thoratec BiVAD can successfully be used as a direct bridge to transplantation in heart failure patients with cardiogenic shock.
Asunto(s)
Corazón Auxiliar , Choque Cardiogénico/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Trasplante de Corazón , Corazón Auxiliar/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Development of a new systolic murmur in patients following a Bental procedure with a prosthetic or homograft aortic valve usually indicates an aortic valve-related complication. Here, we report new etiologies of a loud systolic murmur in patients with aortic disease. One patient developed a new loud systolic murmur as an initial manifestation of acute type A aortic dissection without any complication, and two patients developed a loud systolic murmur as the major manifestation of aortic graft failure following aortic root surgery. Auscultation of a new loud systolic murmur in the upper chest in patients with known aortic disease should alert one to a complication within the ascending aorta.