RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sleep disorders during pregnancy may be linked an increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and duration in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective follow-up study was performed on 240 pregnant women with a gestational age between 20 to 24 weeks, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari from 2018 to 2019 for prenatal care. The sleep quality of all eligible women were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). During the 26 to 28 weeks of gestation, 1-hour and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done for all women. RESULTS: The results showed that women with poor sleep quality had a significantly higher mean BMI and 1-hour and 2-hour OGTT results (P < 0.05). Compared to women with good sleep quality, women with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) had a greater risk of developing GDM (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.77 to 5.06). In women with sleep duration of less than 7 and more than 9 hours, the frequency of GDM was significantly higher than women with the 7-9 hour sleep duration (P < 0.05). Also, the frequency of GDM in women with three or more than three times of snoring in a week (63.44%) was significantly higher than women with once a week (30.61%) (P-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: It seems that sleep disorders and poor sleep quality can be a risk factor in developing GDM. Therefore, sleep characteristics should be considered in pregnancy care; especially in women with higher risk of GDM.
RESUMEN
The clinical characteristics, pathological subtypes and patients' survival in 40 patients with thyroid carcinoma between March 2007 and March 2012 were evaluated. This study included 33 (82.5 %) females and seven (17.5%) males (female to male ratio of 4.7:1). The median age of patients was 47.5 (range; 24-64). Papillary carcinoma was the commonest pathological subtype (23 patients, 57.5%), followed by follicular carcinoma (14 patients, 35%) and medullary carcinoma (3 cases, 7.5%). Total thryoidectomy was performed in 30 (75%), lobectomy in six (15%), subtotal and multifocal thryoidectomy in two (5%) patients. The median time of follow up was 3 years with range of 1-5 years. After ive years 34 (85%) patients were alive and six (15%) were dead. The overall 5-year actuarial survival was 85%, for papillary carcinoma 91.3%, for follicular carcinoma 85.7% and for medullary carcinoma it was 33.3%. The results suggest that total thryoidectomy had better outcome in comparison with other surgeries.