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Electrical burn injury (EBI) is a mutilating form of injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the various aspects of EBI and analyse the differences between high voltage injury (HVI) and low voltage injury (LVI). A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of all burn admissions from June 2016 to May 2017. A total of 1572 patients were admitted, of which 385 (24.49%) had suffered an electrical injury. 104 (27.01%) patients sustained LVI and 281 (72.98%) HVI. One hundred patients from both groups were randomly selected using the chit method, in order to analyse their differences. In our study, the mean age was 35.23±19.96 in the HVI group and 24.15±14.39 years in the LVI group. Most of the injuries were work related. Events during the early phase of admission included a rise in serum creatine phosphokinases, myoglobinuria, renal failure, abnormal cardiac events and other concomitant injuries in the HVI group (p<0.001). Unfavourable outcomes in the form of amputations, prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rate were observed in the HVI group (8.5%) (p<0.027). However, LVI cannot be overlooked as number of reconstructive surgeries and mean number of operations showed no significant difference between both groups. HVI has a disastrous impact on burn survivors but LVI cannot be underestimated. We advocate a low threshold for managing associated injuries, education on safety principles, for men at work especially, and infrastructure improvement by the state to bring changes to the present scenario.

Les brûlures électrothermiques (BET) sont des blessures particulièrement mutilantes. Le but de cette étude rétrospective, conduite à partir des dossiers des patients hospitalisés entre juin 2016 et mai 2017 est d'analyser les BET et de comparer celles par bas voltage (BBV) à celles par haut voltage (BHV). Parmi les 1 572 patients, 385 (24,69%) avaient une BET dont 104 (27,01%) BBV et 281 (72,98%) BHV. Nous avons tiré au sort 100 dossiers de chaque groupe. L'âge du groupe BHV est de 32,23 +/- 19,96 ans, celui de BBV de 24,15 +/- 14,39 ans. La plupart des accidents ont lieu au travail. Le groupe BHV est plus à risque de complications initiales (rhabdomyolyse avec élévation des CPK, myoglobinurie, insuffisance rénale, complications cardiaques) et a plus fréquemment des lésions associées (p<0,001). La mortalité (8,5%) est plus élevée dans le groupe BHV, ainsi que le nombre d'amputations ainsi que la durée de séjour. Toutefois, il ne faut pas minimiser la gravité des BBV car le nombre d'intervention, initiales et de reconstruction, est superposable à celui observé dans les BHV. La prise en charge doit être spécialisée même en cas de BBV et la prévention (mesures de sécurité en particulier au travail, amélioration des infrastructures) doit être améliorée.

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This work provides an electrodeposition-based methodology for synthesizing multicomponent nanowires containing Ag, Co and Ni atoms. Nanowire morphology was obtained by using an anodic alumina membrane with cylindrical pores of ∼ 200-nm diameter. Structural, compositional and magnetic characterization revealed that the as-synthesized nanowires adopted a core-shell microstructure. The core (axial region) contained pure Ag phase volumes with a plate-like morphology oriented perpendicular to the nanowire axis. The shell (peripheral region) contained pure Ag nanoparticles along with superparamagnetic Co and Ni rich clusters.

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A coupled molecular dynamics (MD)-stochastic simulation based model has been proposed here for the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol (EG) based copper nanofluid. The model is based on the thermal evolution of the nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofluid which is in contact with a heat source. It is natural that the nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofluid would move randomly by Brownian motion and repeatedly collide with the heat source. During each collision the nanoparticles would extract some heat by conduction mode from the heat source and this heat would be dissipated to the base fluid during Brownian motion by a combination of conduction and microconvection mode. Thus, in addition to normal conductive heat transfer through the base fluid (EG) itself (without nanoparticles) some amount of heat is transferred by the collision of the nanoparticles with the heat source. The extent of this additional heat transfer has been estimated in the present model to estimate the enhancement in thermal conductivity of EG based copper nanofluid, as a function of volume fraction loading of nanoparticles. The prediction of the present model has been compared with the experimental data available in literature, and it has shown a reasonable agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental data.

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Afghanistan's maternal and child mortality rates are among the highest in the world. The country faces challenges to meet the Millennium Development Goals set for 2015 which can be attributed to multiple causes related to accessibility, affordability and availability of health-care services. This report addresses the challenges in strengthening maternal and child health care in Afghanistan, as well discussing the areas to be prioritized. In order to ensure sound maternal and child health care in Afghanistan, policy-makers must prioritize monitoring and surveillance systems, integrating maternal and child health care with rights-based family planning methods, building human resources, offering incentives (such as the provision of a conditional cash transfer to women) and promoting action-oriented, community-based interventions. On a wider scale, the focus must be to improve the health infrastructure, organizing international collaboration and expanding sources of funding.

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Sugar cane is sensitive to enormous sucrose losses induced by physio-chemical and microbial changes, the severity being increased during the time lag between harvest and crushing in the mills. Minimization of the sucrose losses in the field is essential for better sugar recovery and prevention of sucrose losses. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride for their effects on the microbial counts and physio-chemical changes responsible for sucrose losses. Glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride (1000 + 250 ppm) reduced the losses in sucrose content to 7.1% as compared to the 30.8% loss in the control, thus improving the performance by 76.9%. The application of chemicals reduced the acid invertase activity (by 60%), lowered weight loss, titrable acidity, reducing sugars content, dextran, ethanol, and ethylene production and respiration rates. The application led to the reduction in the total bacterial, fungal, Leuconostoc, and yeast counts by 67.92, 51.3%, 26.08, and 51.2%, respectively.

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Clostridium septicum gas gangrene (myonecrosis) is an acutely painful and rapidly fatal infection occurring in the absence of trauma. Urgent surgery is essential both to control pain and to ensure survival. Most patients who develop this infection have an underlying malignancy and clinicians should be aware of this association. We present a case of bifocal myonecrosis which to our knowledge has not been reported previously.

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Anthers, seeds, seedlings and flag leaves of fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile (Triticum timopheevi) lines of bread wheat were examined for free and acid-hydrolyzable (bound) amino acids. Free asparagine was found to be high in anthers of the male sterile line and free proline high in anthers of the fertile line.Among the bound amino acids, proline was lower, and aspartic and glutamic acid were higher, in male sterile than in fertile anthers. Retardation of glutamic and aspartic acid conversion to proline was believed to be a cause of proline deficiency in the male sterile line.The total amount of bound amino acids was higher in anthers, seed and flag leaves of the male sterile line compared with the fertile analogue.