RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: A single centre experience with chylothorax in post cardiac surgical patients. METHODS: Retrospective review. RESULTS: Chylothorax developed in 55 out of 873 operated patients (6.3%). Median age of the chylothorax cohort was 95 days (range 1-995). Neonates constituted 36% and 49% were infants. Group-1(35 patients-treated during the years 2011-2015) included those who were managed with low fat diet initially with other standard measures including steroid, octreotide, pleurodesis, lymphangiogram or thoracic duct ligation whenever required.Group-2 (20 patients, treated between year 2016-2018) were managed with nil per oral, total parenteral nutrition, extended use of milrinone and no use of chest tube suction with other above standard measures when required.Group-1 and group-2 were comparable in terms of their age and weight (p > 0.05).We observed lower volume of chest drainage, shorter intubation time, length of intensive care stay and hospital stay in group-2 compared to group-1 though they were statistically not significant (p > 0.05). Occurrence of massive chylothorax (>20 ml/kg/day) in group-1 was significantly higher [18 patients (51%) in group-1 vs 4 patients in group-2 (20%) (Chi-square 5.25, p = 0.02)]. In hospital mortality in group-1 was higher compared to group-2 (5/35 = 14.5% vs 1/20 = 5%), however, it was statistically not significant [risk ratio 2.86; 95% CI 0.36, 22.77; p = 0.59)]. Acute kidney injury was observed in about 25% of patients who had chylothorax. A higher mortality was observed in patients with chylothorax who had acute kidney injury [5/14 (35%)] compared to those who did not have acute kidney injury [1/41 (2.4%)] (Chi-square 11.89, p = 0.001)]. SUMMARY: In a heterogenous cohort of post-cardiac surgical patients who developed chylothorax, our suggested new regime (nil per oral, parenteral nutrition, extended use of milrinone and no suction applied to the chest drains) contributed to reduce the frequency of massive chylothorax occurrence significantly.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Tubos Torácicos , Quilotórax , Drenaje , Milrinona , Nutrición Parenteral Total , Humanos , Quilotórax/etiología , Quilotórax/terapia , Quilotórax/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Lactante , Masculino , Femenino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Recién Nacido , Nutrición Parenteral Total/efectos adversos , Drenaje/efectos adversos , Drenaje/instrumentación , Milrinona/administración & dosificación , Milrinona/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Preescolar , Factores de Riesgo , Administración Oral , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Cardiopatías Congénitas/mortalidad , NiñoRESUMEN
A combination of aortic valve atresia and an interrupted aortic arch is a unique disease in which perfusion to the brain and myocardium depends on coexisting lesions or type of interruption. We report a case of aortic valve atresia with type B interrupted arch, bilateral arterial ductus in a neonate who was successfully palliated using a hybrid approach by placing stents in both arterial ductus and banding of branch pulmonary arteries.
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Coartación Aórtica , Enfermedades de la Aorta , Conducto Arterioso Permeable , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Coartación Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Coartación Aórtica/cirugía , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/diagnóstico por imagen , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/cirugía , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Arteria PulmonarRESUMEN
Tetralogy of Fallot is considered a prototype congenital heart disease because of its embryological, anatomical, pathophysiological, and management aspects. Current management usually relies on a complete surgical repair that is electively performed between 3 and 6 months of age. With the advances of interventional cardiology especially in the fields of ventricular septal defect closure, stent, and pulmonary valve replacement, the question of complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot by interventional means can be discussed. Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex disease with multiple lesions, all individually amenable to transcatheter treatment. In this article, we will review current status of various aspects of tetralogy of Fallot focusing on interventional aspects, giving insights of what would be the ideal platform of a fully interventional repair.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/tendencias , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Humanos , Lactante , Stents/tendenciasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the medium to long-term results of echocardiographic follow-up of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defect closure with various Amplatzer devices. METHODS: We successfully closed ventricular septal defects percutaneously in 45/49 patients. There were 35 perimembranous and 10 muscular ventricular septal defects. The median age and weight was 8.50 years (range 2-36.70 years) and 24 kg (range 10-106 kg), respectively. The median size of the ventricular septal defect was 7 mm (range 3-14 mm) on transthoracic echocardiography, 6 mm (range 4-15 mm) on transesophageal echocardiography, and 6 mm (range 3-14 mm) on left ventricular angiography. The median pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 1.40 (range 1.0-3.0). RESULTS: In the 49 attempted cases, the procedure was successful in 45, with a success rate of 91.84%. At a mean follow-up of 54.50 months, echocardiography showed complete closure in 41 (91%) patients and 4 (9%) had a tiny (1-2 mm) residual defect. New-onset aortic regurgitation was seen in 6 (13.3%) patients at 54.50 months, but it was mild in nature. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was observed in 13 (29%) patients at 54.50 follow-up, of whom 10 (22%) had mild and 3 (7%) had moderate regurgitation. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects is effective, however, these patients need to be followed up regularly to detect device-related problems, specifically, aortic and tricuspid valve regurgitation.
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Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Ecocardiografía , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/terapia , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Adolescente , Adulto , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/etiología , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/diagnóstico por imagen , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Systemic venous collaterals have been found at different stages of single-ventricle palliation, specifically after Kawashima operation. In this study, we present the incidence, clinical features, associated risk factors, and management of such venovenous collaterals (VVCs) after Kawashima procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all the patients who underwent Kawashima procedure prior to December 2011 at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, was performed. Data were collected and reviewed from medical records. RESULTS: The study group involved a total of six patients with Kawashima procedure. The median age of patients was 112.7 months (range 46-336 months), and median age at the time of Kawashima operation was 31.7 months (range 15-187 months). Mean systemic arterial oxygen saturation (Spo 2) after Kawashima operation was 94.5% ± 1.5%. In five patients, during a median follow-up of 53.4 months (range 16.9-147.9 months), the Spo 2 declined to a mean of 78.8% ± 8.2%. A total of 16 venous collaterals were observed in the study group, and majority (70%) of these collaterals were subdiaphragmatic. CONCLUSION: In our study, abdominal VVCs were observed in 100% of the patients who were followed after Kawashima operation. We therefore recommend that thorough evaluation for such VVCs should be part of the ongoing evaluation of patients after Kawashima operation, especially in those with low Spo 2. We also recommend early surgical rerouting of hepatic veins to pulmonary arteries in all post-Kawashima patients.