RESUMEN
Eighty-five subjects, aged 31-55 years, suffering from uncomplicated essential hypertension and receiving no regular medication were randomized to sodium restriction and control groups. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured during an orthostatic test at baseline and after 6 months sodium restriction. The mean daily sodium excretion of 43 treated subjects decreased from 193 +/- 91 mmol to 95 +/- 70 mmol (p less than 0.001). Treated patients were divided on the basis of their mean overall out-patient clinic (OC) DBP decrease in the sitting position during the 6 months (monthly measurements) into sodium-sensitive (DBP decrease greater than 10 mmHg, n = 17), indeterminate (DBP decrease 5-10 mmHg, n = 18) and sodium-resistant (DBP decrease less than 5 mmHg, n = 8) subgroups. At 6 months the level of DBP in the supine position was lower than at baseline in both sensitive and resistant subgroups, whereas in the standing position a lower DBP than at baseline was seen only in the sodium-sensitive subgroup. The magnitude of the subsequent OC DBP decrease was significantly associated with a high baseline seated OC DBP (p less than 0.001) and a high, for baseline OC DBP adjusted orthostatic DBP increase (p = 0.014). Our data suggest that posture should be included in the concept of sodium sensitivity and that an orthostatic test is useful in the prediction of seated and standing DBP decrease produced by moderate, long-term sodium restriction.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Dieta Hiposódica , Hipotensión Ortostática/fisiopatología , Adulto , Catecolaminas/sangre , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Hipotensión Ortostática/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Arthrosis of the hand was studied in 136 dentists 33-69 yr of age on a joint-by-joint basis. A random sample of 940 persons of similar age from the general population served as controls. The prevalence of arthrosis was significantly higher in male than female dentists. Male dentists tended to have a higher and female dentists a similar prevalence of arthrosis as compared to the respective controls. The proportion of arthrotic distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of all arthrotic joints of the hands was in both male and female dentists greater than that in controls, especially below the age 50, suggesting that arthrosis of the DIP joints of fingers develops earlier in dentists than in controls. This might result from the extensive use of the precision grip in dentistry. Arthrosis of the DIP joint of the index finger was not associated with the pinch power between the thumb and index finger, indicating good preservation of manual function in spite of increasing degenerative changes in hand joints with advancing age.