RESUMEN
This work aimed to develop a novel colorimetric indicator film for monitoring of food freshness based on gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol matrix incorporated with anthocyanin extracts from mulberry. The color of anthocyanin extracts solutions obviously changed from bright red to dark green in the pH range of 2.0-11.0. FTIR spectra and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the anthocyanin extracts were successfully combined with gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol matrix by hydrogen binding and electrostatic interaction, which enhanced the stability of anthocyanin. The scanning electric microscopy showed that the compatibility between polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin were improved owing to the addition of anthocyanin extracts. With the anthocyanin extracts addition from 0 to 45â¯mg/100â¯mL mixed solution, the tensile strength decreased from 30.80 to 21.01â¯MPa and the elongation at break increased from 589.22% to 905.86%. The color response of film in buffer solution of different pH were in accordance with anthocyanin extracts solutions, and its color changes were clearly visible with naked eye. Finally, the film was evaluated by a test on monitoring fish spoilage, which presented visible color changes due to volatile nitrogenous compounds formed over time. These results showed that this developed film could be used as an effective method for the monitoring of food freshness.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Indicadores y Reactivos/química , Morus/química , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Alimentos Marinos , Animales , Colorimetría , Peces , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/instrumentación , Gelatina/química , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Electricidad EstáticaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: : Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic animals and individuals. However, little is known about whether AD-MSCs affect lipid metabolism. Here we have demonstrated for the first time that AD-MSC infusion can significantly suppress the increase in body weight and remarkably improve dyslipidemia in db/db obese mice and diet-induced obesity mice. Induction of white fat tissue "browning" and activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and its downstream hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue contribute to the antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects. Thus, AD-MSC infusion holds great therapeutic potential for dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered one of the most promising types of stem cells for translational application because of their rich tissue sources, multilineage differentiation capacity, and easy amplification in vitro and unique immunobiological properties. This study demonstrated that adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) infusion can significantly suppress the increase in body weight and remarkably improve dyslipidemia in obese mice. Induction of white fat tissue "browning" and activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and its downstream hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue were demonstrated to contribute to the antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects. Thus, AD-MSC infusion holds great therapeutic potential for dyslipidemia.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/citología , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Animales , Glucemia , Western Blotting , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunohistoquímica , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Obesos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Esterol Esterasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess the ability to repair brain injuries. Additionally, nimodipine is a neuroprotective agent that increases cerebral blood flow and may help with the homing of MSCs to the injury site. Here we investigate the effectiveness of a combined human umbilical cord-derived MSCs and nimodipine therapy in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). METHODS: Female mice received whole brain irradiation (WBI) and were treated with saline, nimodipine, hUC-MSCs, or hUC-MSCs combined with nimodipine. Body weight was measured weekly. An open field test for locomotor activity and a step-down avoidance test for learning and memory function were conducted at week 4 and week 12 post-WBI. The histological damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect apoptosis-related mediators (p53, Bax and Bcl-2). RESULTS: In mice receiving the hUC-MSCs or the combined treatment, their body weight recovered, their locomotor and cognitive ability improved, and the percentage of necrotic neurons and astrocytes was reduced. The combined therapy was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than hUC-MSCs alone; these mice showed decreased expression of pro-apoptotic indicators (p53, Bax) and increased expression of an anti-apoptotic indicator (Bcl-2), which may protect brain cells. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that hUC-MSCs therapy helps recover body weight loss and behavior dysfunction in a mice model of RIBI. Moreover, the effectiveness of the combined hUC-MSCs and nimodipine therapy is due to apoptosis inhibition and enhancing homing of MSCs to the injured brain.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones Encefálicas/terapia , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/metabolismo , Nimodipina/farmacología , Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Cordón Umbilical/citología , Animales , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/patología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Lesiones Encefálicas/metabolismo , Recuento de Células , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Linaje de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Conducta Exploratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/patología , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , Globinas beta/genética , Globinas beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess some characteristics of immune cells, including a pro-inflammatory phenotype, an immunosuppressive phenotype, antibacterial properties and the expression of Toll-like receptor proteins. Here we show that, similar to immune cells, MSCs retain information from danger signals or environmental stimuli for a period of time. When treated with the pro-inflammatory factors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MSCs display increased expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Following re-plating and several rounds of cell division in the absence of stimulating factors, the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 remained higher than in untreated cells for over 7 days. A spike in cytokine secretion occurred when cells were exposed to a second round of stimulation. We primed MSCs with LPS and LPS-primed MSCs had better therapeutic efficacy at promoting skin flap survival in a diabetic rat model than did unprimed MSCs. Finally, we found that several microRNAs, including miR146a, miR150 and miR155, along with the modification of DNA by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), mediate the MSC response to LPS and TNF-α stimulation. Collectively, our data suggest that MSCs have a short-term memory of environmental signals, which may impact their therapeutic potential.