RESUMEN
Monascus pigments (MPs) and monacolin K (MK) are important secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soybean protein isolate (SPI) on the biosynthesis of MPs and MK based on the analysis of physiological indicators, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. The results indicated that the growth, yellow MPs, and MK production of Monascus pilosus MS-1 were significantly enhanced by SPI, which were 8.20, 8.01, and 1.91 times higher than that of the control, respectively. The utilization of a nitrogen source, protease activity, the production and utilization of soluble protein, polypeptides, and free amino acids were also promoted by SPI. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes mokA, mokB, mokC, mokD, mokE, mokI, and mokH which are involved in MK biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated by SPI. Moreover, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism were effectively up-regulated by SPI. The metabolomic analysis indicated that metabolisms of amino acid, lipid, pyruvate, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose, and pentose phosphate pathway were significantly disturbed by SPI. Thus, MPs and MK production promoted by SPI were mainly attributed to the increased biomass, up-regulated gene expression level, and more precursors and energies.
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to describe the rarely reported ocular complications following surgery to correct chronic suppurative otitis media. A retrospective analysis was made of 2,318 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media treated with surgery between January 2004 and December 2009 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, a medical center in Western China. Ninety-two cases of ocular complications were identified, giving an incidence of 3.97%. In 63 of the 92 cases (68.48%), the patients complained of blurred vision and the condition was classified as grade 1. In 24 cases (26.09%), the patients complained of mild periorbital edema and the condition was classified as grade 2. Four cases (4.35%) were classified as grade 3 because of severe edema with erythema on eyelids. One case (1.09%) was classified as grade 4 because of periorbital ecchymosis in addition to edema. The clinical features and the possible etiology were analyzed and are discussed. Ocular complications following chronic suppurative otitis media surgery are rare. Preauricular incision, disturbance of venous and lymphatic drainage, and preseptal cellulitis were the possible etiological factors. Eye injury during surgery and use of an anticholinergic agent might be risk factors for blurred vision after this surgery.
Asunto(s)
Oftalmopatías/etiología , Otitis Media Supurativa/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Adulto , China , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Equimosis/epidemiología , Equimosis/etiología , Oftalmopatías/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Párpados/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Párpados/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Linfedema/epidemiología , Linfedema/etiología , Masculino , Apófisis Mastoides/cirugía , Enfermedades Orbitales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Orbitales/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Timpanoplastia , Trastornos de la Visión/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Visión/etiologíaRESUMEN
The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydydrazyl (DPPH) assay on the extract of Phyllanthus urinaria L. (Euphorbiaceae) displayed considerable radical-scavenging activity (SC50 = 14.3 microg/ml). Further bioassay-guided purification of the extract led to the isolation of a series of 15 phenolic compounds, including the ellagitannins 1-7, the flavonoids 8-10, and the simple hydroxylated (or glycosylated) aromatic acids 11-15. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and comparison with authentic samples or literature data. The structure of repandinin B (1) was for the first time fully assigned by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. The phenolic compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, and 15 have not been isolated before from the title plant. The antioxidant activities and mushroom-tyrosinase-inhibitory activities of all compounds were determined by DPPH-radical-scavenging and mushroom-tyrosinase-inhibitory assays (Table 2).
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Phyllanthus/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Hidrazinas/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/aislamiento & purificación , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Picratos , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical treatment of peripheral facial nerve paralysis as well as the factors which affect the operation effect. METHOD: Fifty-one cases of peripheral facial nerve paracusis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Forty-two cases were followed up. Among them, twenty-two cases who received facial nerve decompression reached House I-II degree (22/36), 2 cases facial nerve anastomosis reached House I-II degree (2/4), and the function recovery of 2 cases who received facial nerve grafting > III degree both. CONCLUSION: Intensive and timely surgery is an efficient way in treating of peripheral facial nerve paralysis.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Facial/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Descompresión Quirúrgica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of neurolemmoma in the head and neck by exploring its clinical features. METHOD: Among all cases treated surgically, 15 cases of neurolemmoma in the neck were by the approach of lateral pharyngotomy, one case of neurolemmoma in the nasal cavity by lateral rhinotomy, three cases by mouth. Two cases of facial neurolemmoma were resected by the combined approach (mastoid process, middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa) and radical mastoidectomy respectively. One case of neurolemmoma in the pyriform sinus was completely removed by the forceps under esophagoscope. One case of neurolemmoma in the trachea was removed by tracheotomy. RESULT: Twenty cases were followed up from 3 months to 7 years and 19 cases did not recur. One case of neurolemmoma in the nasal cavity and sinus recured 3 years after operation. One case developed Horner's syndrome postoperatively and disappeared after two months. One case developed hoarseness. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to diagnose neurolemmoma before operation. Diagnosis of the disease is based on pathological examination. Resection of the tumor should be performed as soon as possible under careful protection of the function of the nerve in order to avoid severe complications.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Neurilemoma/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neurilemoma/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sound pressure level at outlet of external auditory canal and eardrum, and to observe the range of maximum frequency of sound effect of outlet ear canal, so as to provide exact data for designing personal noise rating instrument and studying the effect of environmental noise on human body, and to provide basis for calibration of noise sound pressure level. METHOD: Sound pressure level at eardrum and outlet of external auditory canal in 30 young people (60 ears) were measured by Audio Scan RM500 at 50 dB SPL narrow band noise with different frequencies (0.25 - 8.00 kHz). RESULTS: At the same frequency, sound pressure levels at eardrum were less than (0.6 +/- 2.6) dB SPL, at outlet of outlet ear canal less than (0.2 +/- 1.8) dB SPL, there were no significant differences between both sound pressure levels (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in sound pressure levels between both places at 1.50 - 8.00 kHz (P < 0.01). The maximum difference was (10.5 +/- 3.4) dB SPL at 2.00 kHz, and the minimum was (0.5 +/- 6.2) dB SPL at 0.50 kHz. CONCLUSION: The effects of increased sound pressure should be considered in the evaluation of environmental noise and the design for individual noise rating meter when the noise frequency was >or= 1.50 kHz.