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Background: The combination of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology and near-infrared fluorescence (NIF) technology using indocyanine green (ICG) has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing surgical margin and safety, as well as simplifying segmental resection. However, there is limited literature available on the integrated use of these techniques. The current study assessed the effectiveness and value of integrating 3DP-NIF technologies in the perioperative outcomes of thoracoscopic segmental lung resection. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study recruited 165 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Eligible patients were categorized into two groups: the 3DP-NIF group (71 patients) treated with a combination of 3DP-NIF technology, and the three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography with modified inflation-deflation (3D-CTBA-ID) group (94 patients). Following rigorous propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis (1:1 ratio), perioperative outcomes between these two approaches were compared. Results: Sixty-six patients were successfully matched in each group. In the 3D-CTBA-ID group, inadequate visualization of segmental planes was noted in 14 cases, compared to only five cases in the 3DP-NIF group (P=0.03). In addition, the 3DP-NIF group demonstrated a shorter time for clear intersegmental boundary line (IBL) presentation {9 [8, 10] vs. 1,860 [1,380, 1,920] s} (P<0.001), and shorter operative time (134.09±34.9 vs. 163.47±49.4 min) (P<0.001), postoperative drainage time (P<0.001), and postoperative hospital stay (P=0.002) compared to the 3D-CTBA-ID group. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative air leak was higher in the 3D-CTBA-ID group than in the 3DP-NIF group (33.3% vs. 7.6%, P<0.001). Conclusions: The combination of 3DP-NIF technologies served as a reliable technical safeguard, ensuring the safe and efficient execution of thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy.

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OBJECTIVES: The proper procedure for inferior pulmonary ligament (IPL) during upper lobectomy remains a topic of debate. To address this matter, we carried out a trial comparing the clinical outcomes of IPL preservation versus IPL dissection during thoracoscopic upper lobectomy (TUL). METHODS: Patients undergoing thoracoscopic left/right upper lobectomy (TLUL/TRUL) were assigned to either the dissection group (Group D) or the preservation group (Group P). Our primary objective was to quantify and compare the alterations in postoperative residual bronchial angle and lung volume changes between the two groups. Our secondary objective encompassed the assessment of various other intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Following adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we enrolled 100 patients (41 left and 59 right) in Group P and 108 patients (41 left and 67 right) in Group D for the study. Our findings revealed that in TLUL, Group P was able to reduce the degree of postoperative residual bronchial angle change (P < 0.05). Conversely, the situation was distinct for TRUL. We found no notable disparity between the two groups (P > 0.05) with regard to alterations in lung volume or the occurrence of postoperative complications-except for the duration of postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests IPL preservation especially for TLUL when compared to TRUL, which have important implications for the clinical management of patients undergoing upper lobectomy.

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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LUCA) is one of the most prevalent human malignancies, and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Previous reports have shown that miR-21-5p plays a vital role in development of various tumors. Here, we explored the relationship between miR-21-5p/PIK3R1 axis and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: MiRNAseq data, deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, was downloaded and used to determine patterns of miR-21-5p expression in both LUAD and normal lung tissues. Statistical analyses and data visualization were performed using dbDEMC v3.0 platform, starBase v3.0 database and packages implemented in R software. Next, we employed TargetScan Human, miRDB and DIANA Tools databases to predict miR-21-5p target genes, then analyzed their expression patterns as well as prognostic value in LUAD. FINDINGS: Most human cancers overexpressed miR-21-5p. Specifically, miR-21-5p was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues relative to normal lung tissues (P < 0.001), and this high expression was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis (hazard ratio [HR]=1.45, P = 0.014). PIK3R1 was predicted as a miR-21-5p target gene, and both were negatively correlated (r=-0.218, P < 0.01). Notably, PIK3R1 was significantly downregulated in LUAD, relative to normal lung tissues (P < 0.01), with its overexpression significantly associated with poor prognosis of LUAD patients (HR = 0.62, P = 0.0014). CONCLUSION: miR-21-5p is a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients. Moreover, it might be playing a role in LUAD progression by regulating PIK3R1 expression.

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BACKGROUND: Thymic carcinoma is a rare malignancy, and platinum-based chemotherapy has not previously been established as a standard treatment for advanced or metastatic thymic carcinoma. With the breakthrough and progress of immunotherapy, the possibility of curing thymic carcinoma has greatly increased. Some clinical trials have reported that compared with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy, the use of programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors alone can benefit patients and effectively prolong their overall survival. We compare the efficacy of single immunotherapy with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy in a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a reliable basis for clinicians. METHODS: Pubmed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar will be searched for relevant randomised controlled trials, quasi- randomised controlled trials, and Hi-Q(high quality) prospective cohort trials published or unpublished in any language before March 1, 2021. Subgroup analysis will be performed in tumor pathological stage and ethnicity. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2020110060. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a basis for clinicians to formulate the best chemotherapy regimen for patients, as well as a research clue for clinical researchers in this field. The results of this study will expand the treatment options for thymic carcinoma, but due to the nature of the disease and intervention, large sample clinical trials are not abundant, so we will include some high-quality small sample trials, which may cause high heterogeneity. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2020110060.

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BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with early metastasis, highly malignant characteristics. Morbidity ranks 7th among all malignant tumors, and mortality ranks 6th. Esophageal adjuvant therapy can significantly improve overall survival in unresectable esophageal cancer patients. With the breakthrough and progress of immunotherapy, the possibility of curing esophageal cancer has greatly increased. Some clinical trials have reported that compared with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy, the use of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors alone can benefit patients and effectively prolong their overall survival. We compare the efficacy of single immunotherapy with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy in a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a reliable basis for clinicians. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cancerlit, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for related studies published before December 1, 2019 without language restrictions. Two review authors will search and assess relevant studies independently. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, and prospective cohort studies will be included. We will perform subgroup analysis in sex, age, ethnicity, and tumor stage of esophageal cancer patients. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a basis for clinicians to formulate the best chemotherapy regimen for patients, as well as a research clue for clinical researchers in this field. The results of this study will expand the treatment options for esophageal patients, but due to the nature of the disease and intervention, large sample clinical trials are not abundant, so we will include some high-quality small sample trials, which may cause high heterogeneity. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2020110012.

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BACKGROUND: Surgery for lung cancer squeezes the tumor, further promoting the circulation of tumor cells, which may be one of the reasons for lung cancer metastasis and recurrence. In theory, the potential risk of tumor cell proliferation can be minimized if the outflow veins are ligated first (via veins first [V-first]) rather than arteries first (via arteries first [A-first]). However, due to the lack of sufficient evidence, this technical concept has not been widely accepted as a standard in surgical oncology in the current guidelines. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be used to determine which techniques will yield longer patient survival and benefit patients during segmentectomy. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cancerlit, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases for relevant clinical trials published in any language before January 1, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, propensity score-matched comparative studies, and prospective cohort studies of interest, published or unpublished, that meet the inclusion criteria will be included. Subgroup analysis of the type of operation, tumor pathological stage, and ethnicity will be performed. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: As far as we know, this study will be the first meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of the vein-first and artery-first surgical technique of segmentectomy for patients diagnosed with resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the nature of the disease and intervention methods, RCTs may be inadequate, and we will carefully consider inclusion in high-quality, non-RCTs, but this may result in high heterogeneity and affect the reliability of the results.INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202080062.

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