RESUMEN
Soybean and derived products are among the most important food for both humans and animals. China is the world's largest importer of soybeans, with more than 100 million tons of annual imports, mainly from the United States of America (US), Brazil, and Argentina. However, there have been limited studies on the microbiota associated with imported soybean grains. Here, we reveal the soybean microbiota using amplicon sequencing based on samples from four countries on three continents of North America (US), South America (Argentina, Brazil), and Asia (China). Our results showed that the soybean-associated microbiota from different continents significantly separated, presenting strong geographic variations. The core microbial taxa and geographically specified taxa were defined, with Alternaria, Enterobacter, Plectosphaerella, Stenotrophomanas, and Xeromyces defined as the core microbiota for soybean from Asia; Amanita, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Herbiconiux, Pseudomonas, Saccharopolyspora, and Schumannella from North America; and Bradyrhizobium, Colletotrichum, Filobasidium, Phialosimplex, Mycosphaerella, Septoria, Sphingomonas, and Weissalla, from South America. In addition, we build the Random Forest (RF) model to predict the source of imported soybean grains. We could accurately predict the original countries of imported soybean grains within the RF prediction models, with accuracies greater than 95 %. We constructed a database of soybean-related quarantine pathogens using full-length sequences of fungal ITS region and bacterial 16S rDNA region. Two phytopathogenic fungi, Diaporthe caulivora and Cladosporium cucumerinum, listed in the Chinese quarantine catalog, were intercepted through metabarcoding sequencing. The former was further confirmed using an available national standard protocol of qPCR diagnosis. In summary, our NGS-based approach revealed the microbiota associated with soybeans. It could provide comprehensive information and valuable method on the trace the origin of soybean and detection of quarantine pathogens at Customs and departments of inspection and quarantine.
Asunto(s)
Fabaceae , Glycine max , Animales , Humanos , Cuarentena , Estructuras de las Plantas , Grano Comestible , BrasilRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy is most favorable in patients with heart failure with QRS duration ≥150 ms and left bundle branch block and less predictable in those with QRS width 120 to 149 ms or non-left bundle branch block. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 205 patients with heart failure referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy with QRS ≥120 ms and ejection fraction ≤35%. We tested the hypothesis that contractile function using speckle-tracking echocardiographic global circumferential strain (GCS) from 2 short-axis views and global longitudinal strain (GLS) from 3 apical views add prognostic value to electrocardiographic criteria. There were 112 patients (55%) with GLS >-9% and 136 patients (66%) with GCS >-9%. During 4 years, 81 patients reached the combined primary end point (death, circulatory support, or transplant) and 120 reached the secondary end point (heart failure hospitalization or death). Both GLS >-9% and GCS >-9% were associated with increased risk of unfavorable events as follows: for the primary end point (hazard ratio=2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.88-4.49; P<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.73; 95% confidence interval, 2.39-5.82; P<0.001) for the secondary end point (hazard ratio=2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-3.05; P<0.001) and (hazard ratio=3.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.23-4.75; P<0.001). In a prespecified subgroup of 120 patients with QRS 120 to 149 ms or non-left bundle branch block, significant associations of baseline GLS and GCS and outcomes remained: P=0.014 and P=0.002 for the primary end point and P=0.049 and P=0.001 for the secondary end point. Global strain measures had additive prognostic value to routine clinical or electrocardiographic parameters (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline GCS and GLS were significantly associated with long-term outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy and had additive prognostic value to routine clinical and electrocardiographic selection criteria for cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Asunto(s)
Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/terapia , Contracción Miocárdica , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Potenciales de Acción , Anciano , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidad , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca/efectos adversos , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca/mortalidad , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Trasplante de Corazón , Corazón Auxiliar , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Readmisión del Paciente , Pennsylvania , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Retratamiento , Factores de Riesgo , Volumen Sistólico , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamic changes of the water body of rivers and Oncomelania snail habitats by using multi-temporal China-Brazil Earth Recourses Satellite-02 images taken in Anxiang County so as to establish the correct procedure for selecting images. METHODS: CBERS-02 images were collected on 20th December 2003, 10th February 2004, 10th April 2004, 19th June 2004, 10th August 2004 and 27th October 2004. Then the water body information from the study areas based on NDWI was extracted and the areas of water body were calculated to determine the images. RESULTS: The dynamic changes of the water body conformed to the rules of "water in summer and land in winter". Because of the rise of water, the water area in July was the biggest and the water area began to decline from August. The water area in April was the smallest. Then the wet season and the dry season should be June and April. CONCLUSION: The multi-temporal CBERS-02 images could be used to surveillance the dynamic changes of the water area and helpful in choosing the right images of the wet season and dry season.
Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Ríos , Comunicaciones por Satélite , Caracoles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , AmbienteRESUMEN
Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) is a highly polymorphic gene located within the MHC class I region of the human genome. Expressed as a cell surface glycoprotein, MICA modulates immune surveillance by binding to its cognate receptor on natural killer cells, NKG2D, and its genetic polymorphisms have been recently associated with susceptibility to some infectious diseases. We determined whether MICA polymorphisms were associated with the high rate of Schistosoma parasitic worm infection or severity of disease outcome in the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, China. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific priming (PCR-SSP) and sequencing-based typing (SBT) were applied for high-resolution allele typing of schistosomiasis cases (N = 103, age range = 36.2-80.5 years, 64 males and 39 females) and healthy controls (N = 141, age range = 28.6-73.3 years, 73 males and 68 females). Fourteen MICA alleles and five short-tandem repeat (STR) alleles were identified among the two populations. Three (MICA*012:01/02, MICA*017 and MICA*027) showed a higher frequency in healthy controls than in schistosomiasis patients, but the difference was not significantly correlated with susceptibility to S. japonicum infection (Pc > 0.05). In contrast, higher MICA*A5 allele frequency was significantly correlated with advanced liver fibrosis (Pc < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution profile of MICA alleles in this Hunan Han population was significantly different from those published for Korean, Thai, American-Caucasian, and Afro-American populations (P < 0.01), but similar to other Han populations within China (P > 0.05). This study provides the initial evidence that MICA genetic polymorphisms may underlie the severity of liver fibrosis occurring in schistosomiasis patients from the Dongting Lake region.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Cirrosis Hepática/parasitología , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Esquistosomiasis/complicaciones , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China , Estudios de Cohortes , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Cirrosis Hepática/genética , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Esquistosomiasis/genéticaRESUMEN
Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) is a highly polymorphic gene located within the MHC class I region of the human genome. Expressed as a cell surface glycoprotein, MICA modulates immune surveillance by binding to its cognate receptor on natural killer cells, NKG2D, and its genetic polymorphisms have been recently associated with susceptibility to some infectious diseases. We determined whether MICA polymorphisms were associated with the high rate of Schistosoma parasitic worm infection or severity of disease outcome in the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, China. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific priming (PCR-SSP) and sequencing-based typing (SBT) were applied for high-resolution allele typing of schistosomiasis cases (N = 103, age range = 36.2-80.5 years, 64 males and 39 females) and healthy controls (N = 141, age range = 28.6-73.3 years, 73 males and 68 females). Fourteen MICA alleles and five short-tandem repeat (STR) alleles were identified among the two populations. Three (MICA*012:01/02, MICA*017 and MICA*027) showed a higher frequency in healthy controls than in schistosomiasis patients, but the difference was not significantly correlated with susceptibility to S. japonicum infection (Pc > 0.05). In contrast, higher MICA*A5 allele frequency was significantly correlated with advanced liver fibrosis (Pc < 0.05). Furthermore, the distribution profile of MICA alleles in this Hunan Han population was significantly different from those published for Korean, Thai, American-Caucasian, and Afro-American populations (P < 0.01), but similar to other Han populations within China (P > 0.05). This study provides the initial evidence that MICA genetic polymorphisms may underlie the severity of liver fibrosis occurring in schistosomiasis patients from the Dongting Lake region.