RESUMEN
Background: To date, there is no consensus on the factors that influence on indication for prophylactic extraction of the third molar, however it is a common indication in orthodontics. Aim: To determine the factors associated with indication of prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar in orthodontic practice. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study used an online survey to obtain responses from 100 professionals with clinical practice in orthodontics. The Survey Monkey software was used to enter a valid and reliable questionnaire of 11 questions to obtain demographic and clinical information of the professional, as well as some patient conditions that could be considered in a possible indication for prophylactic extraction. The questionnaire was sent through social networks and instant messaging applications. Chi Square test was used to evaluate associated factors and binomial logistic regression to identify risk or protective factors. Results: Factors significantly associated with indication of prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar were experience in orthodontics (p-value = 0.060; OR=0.325), characteristics of impaction (p-value = 0.012; OR=3.689), prevention of pericoronitis (p-value = 0.014; OR=3.769) and help stability of treatment results (p-value = 0.002; OR=6.074). Conclusions: The risk factors to indication for prophylactic extraction of the lower third molar were impaction of the third molar, prevention of pericoronitis and helping the stability of the results after treatment. Furthermore, experience in orthodontics was identified as a protective factor for this indication. Key words:Orthodontics, risk factors, third molar, tooth extraction.
RESUMEN
RESUMEN: La higiene oral en pacientes con ortodoncia fija se encuentra comprometida y las nuevas tecnologías de información podrían convertirse en una herramienta valiosa de educación en salud oral. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa vía whatsapp en la higiene oral de pacientes con aparatología de ortodoncia fija. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 46 pacientes (18.65 ± 3.21 años de edad) que iniciaron tratamiento de ortodoncia fija. Se realizó el índice de placa de O´Leary y se aplicó un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento en higiene oral. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y control, mediante asignación aleatoria. Al grupo experimental se le envió una intervención educativa elaborada mediante la herramienta Play Ground Versión 2.0, vía la aplicación para mensajería instantánea WhatsApp Messenger Versión 2.19.153 y al grupo control se brindó las instrucciones de rutina sobre higiene oral. Después de 6 semanas, se evaluó el índice y cuestionario. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el Coeficiente de Correlación de Concordancia, la prueba de Shapiro Wilk y la prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas e independientes. Los pacientes del grupo experimental tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el control de placa (p = 0.001) y nivel de conocimiento después de la intervención educativa (p = 0.016), a comparación del grupo control. La intervención educativa vía WhatsApp tuvo un efecto positivo en la higiene oral, con respecto al control de placa y al nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con ortodoncia fija.
ABSTRACT: Oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontics is compromised and new information technologies could become a valuable tool for oral health education. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention via WhatsApp on the oral hygiene of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. The study sample consisted of 46 patients (18.65 ± 3.21 years old) who started fixed orthodontic treatment. The O'Leary plaque index was performed and a questionnaire was applied to measure the level of knowledge in oral hygiene. Participants were divided into an experimental and control group, by randomization. The experimental group was sent an educational intervention prepared using the Play Ground Version 2.0 tool, via the WhatsApp Messenger versión 2.19.153 instant messaging application, and the control group was given routine instructions on oral hygiene. After 6 weeks, the index and questionnaire were evaluated. For data analysis, the concordance correlation coefficient, the Shapiro Wilk test and the Student's T test for related and independent samples were used. The patients in the experimental group had statistically significant differences in plaque control (p = 0.001) and level of knowledge after the educational intervention (p = 0.016), compared to the control group. The educational intervention via WhatsApp had a positive effect on oral hygiene, with respect to plaque control and the level of knowledge of patients with fixed orthodontics.