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Present work demonstrates enhanced supercapacitive performance of CoO-rGO electrode using redox electrolyte. The long range electrostatic force developed during deposition of CoO-rGO composite thin film orient the molecules into the hexagonal crystal structure. The incorporated CoO particles into rGO nano-sheets make the structure more porous for the intercalation of the electrolyte ions through the electrode material. Additionally, 0.025 M K3[Fe(CN)6] + 0.025 M K4[Fe(CN)6] redox couple into KOH electrolyte enhances the supercapacitive performance than bare KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance of 1005 F g-1 is observed due to the combined effect of K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Fe(CN)6] redox couple into KOH electrolyte. Also, energy density of 86.74 Wh kg-1 at power density of 3.54 kW kg-1 suggest potential application of CoO-rGO composite thin film in the development of high energy density supercapacitor based on redox active electrolyte.

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Low temperature soft chemical synthesis approach is employed towards MoS2 thin film preparation on cost effective stainless steel substrate. 3-D semispherical nano-grain composed surface texture of MoS2 film is observed through FE-SEM technique. Electrochemical supercapacitor performance of MoS2 film is tested from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques in 1M aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte. Specific capacitance (Cs) of 180Fg-1 with CV cycling stability of 82% for 1000 cycles is achieved. Equivalent series resistance (Rs) of 1.78Ωcm-2 observed through Nyquist plot shows usefulness of MoS2 thin film for charge conduction in supercapacitor application.

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The porous honey comb-like La2O3 thin films have been synthesized using one step spray pyrolysis method. The influence of sprayed solution quantity on properties of La2O3 thin films is studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques. Morphology of La2O3 electrode is controlled with sprayed solution quantity. The supercapacitive properties of La2O3 thin film electrode are investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance techniques. The La2O3 film electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of the 166Fg-1 with 85% stability for the 3000 cycles. The La2O3 film electrode exhibited sensitivity of 68 at 523K for 500ppm CO2 gas concentration. The possible CO2 sensing mechanism is discussed.

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INTRODUCTION: The effect of smear layer and debris on the success rate of endodontic treatment has not yet been definitely determined. So the present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of smear layer and debris on the canal walls prepared with a combination of hand and rotary ProTaper technique using NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternately as root canal irrigants using scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty intact freshly extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth were collected and randomly divided equally into four groups. In group I canals were prepared with hand K-Flexofiles; group II with rotary ProTaper instruments; group III with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with hand K-Flexofile; group IV with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with RC-Prep and irrigated with 1 mL of normal saline. In all groups canals were irrigated using NaOCl and EDTA alternately. After instrumentation, the teeth were prepared for SEM examination using five-score indices for debris and smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test (p < 0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in cleaning the apical third. Groups I and III showed better canal cleanliness compared to group II. The use of EDTA and NaOCl in group III was more effective in removing debris and smear layer compared to EDTA and normal saline in group IV. Regardless of the instrumentation technique employed and the irrigant used, the cleaning ability decreased in the apical third, resulting in higher debris and smear layer scores compared to coronal and middle third levels. CONCLUSION: None of the instrumentation techniques in the present study could completely eliminate the smear layer and debris from the canal walls. Instrumentation of the canals with hand files after automated rotary preparation could result in cleaner canal walls. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Alternate irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA is effective in the removal of debris and smear layer in the coronal and middle level, but the effectiveness in the apical third is less.

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OBJECTIVES: Sclerotium rolfsii lectin (SRL), isolated from soil born phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, exhibits exquisite binding specificity to the oncofoetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (Galß1,3GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr, T or TF) antigen and associated glycans. In the present study, we report anti-proliferative activity of SRL and investigate underlying mechanisms of SRL-induced apoptosis, in the human ovarian cancer cell line PA-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SRL-induced anti-proliferative effects were determined using MTT assay and induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and western blot analysis. RESULTS: SRL inhibited population growth of PA-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximum inhibition (71.3 ± 1.9%) occurring at concentration of 50 µg/ml after 72 h incubation. Observed effects of SRL could be blocked by competing glycoproteins, asialomucin, mucin and fetuin. Treatment with SRL resulted in increase in hypodiploid cell population as determine by cell cycle analysis. Increase in numbers of annexin V-PI positive cells, and cleavage of PARP confirmed apoptosis-inducing activity of SRL. Involvement of caspases in SRL-mediated apoptosis was determined by cleavage of caspases-3, -8 and -9 in a time-dependent manner, thereby suggesting possible involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of SRL that can be exploited for potential application in ovarian cancer research.

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