RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate hospitalisation data for patients with a primary or secondary fibromyalgia (FM) diagnosis. We estimated the number of men and women with an FM diagnostic code and compared them across a number of demographic and hospitalisation characteristics; examined age-specific, population-based FM hospitalisation rates; and determined the most common co-morbid diagnoses when FM was either the primary or secondary diagnostic code. METHODS: Hospital discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were used. Records were evaluated between 1999 and 2007 that contained the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification FM diagnostic code (729.1, Myositis and Myalgia, unspecified), the FM criterion used in large-scale health services studies. RESULTS: There were 1,727,765 discharges with a 729.1 diagnostic code (FM) during this nine-year span, 213,034 men (12.3%) and 1,513,995 women (87.6%). Discharges coded for FM increased steadily each year. The population-based rate of male FM discharges rose gradually across the lifespan; the rate for women rose sharply but then declined after age 64. Few differences between men and women across demographic and hospitalisation characteristics were evident. The most common co-morbidities with FM as the primary diagnosis were non-specific chest pain, mood disorders, and Spondylosis/intervertebral disc disorders/other back problems. Most common primary diagnoses, with FM as a secondary diagnosis, were essential hypertension, disorders of lipid metabolism, coronary atherosclerosis/other heart disease, and mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of U.S. residents with FM were hospitalised over the study period. Further analysis of hospitalisation data from patients with FM may provide guidance for both research and treatment, with the goal of improved care for FM patients.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Fibromialgia/epidemiología , Alta del Paciente/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Dolor en el Pecho/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico , Dolor Crónico/fisiopatología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Fibromialgia/fisiopatología , Humanos , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/epidemiología , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Alta del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Espondilosis/epidemiología , Síndrome , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Hydroxylamine and hydroxamic acid derivatives of a known nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dibenzoxepine series display both cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory properties. Many of these new dual CO/5-LO inhibitors also exhibit potent topical antiinflammatory activity in the arachidonic acid-induced murine ear edema model. On the basis of their promising profile of in vitro and in vivo activities, hydroxamic acids 24h, 3-(6,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-N-++ +methylpropanamide (HP 977), and 25, 3-(6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-N- methylpropanamide (P10294), were selected as developmental candidates for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Dibenzoxepinas/farmacología , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Hidroxilaminas/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/farmacología , Células 3T3 , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Araquidonato 5-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Ácido Araquidónico/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/química , Dibenzoxepinas/síntesis química , Dibenzoxepinas/química , Dinoprostona/análisis , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/síntesis química , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/análisis , Hidroxilaminas/síntesis química , Hidroxilaminas/química , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/química , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadAsunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Isoxazoles/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Bromodesoxiuridina , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Crónica , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Leflunamida , Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Rojo Neutro , Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ésteres del Forbol , Enfermedades de la Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
Restriction of maternal dietary sodium beginning on or before embryonic day 8 and continued thereafter results in reduced taste responses of the chorda tympani nerve to NaCl in the offspring. The effects of deprivation, however, are reversible. A single ingestive bout of 30 ml isotonic NaCl was sufficient to restore normal sodium taste, and the restorative effects of the single exposure apparently persisted throughout multiple generations of taste receptor cells. Furthermore, the recovery apparently did not depend on direct receptor cell-stimulus interactions. Rats permitted to drink 30 ml of isotonic NaCl, but not allowed to retain it, did not recover normal sodium taste responses, suggesting that factors other than taste stimulation are important in the restorative effects of sodium.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario y Fetal , Feto/metabolismo , Sodio/deficiencia , Gusto/fisiología , Amilorida/farmacología , Animales , Nervio de la Cuerda del Tímpano/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Líquidos , Femenino , Furosemida/farmacología , Edad Gestacional , Soluciones Isotónicas , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Sodio/administración & dosificación , Sodio/farmacología , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Restriction of maternal dietary sodium on or before embryonic day 8 reduced taste responses of the chorda tympani nerve to sodium chloride in the offspring. The response attenuation was substantial; responses to sodium chloride in the offspring of deprived rats were approximately 40 percent of those in control animals. Instituting the low sodium diet at embryonic day 10 or later did not produce functional changes. Thus, a sensitive period for the gustatory system exists, and the abrupt transition from maximal environmental susceptibility to no susceptibility occurs during a 2-day prenatal period. Moreover, events important in determining the developmental fate of taste membrane components occur before the initial formation of taste buds.