RESUMEN
Microsatellite instability, which is caused by a deficiency in the DNA unpaired nucleotide repair system, is an important pathogenetic event for some tumors. In addition, the detection of this molecular feature becomes an independent prognostic factor in the course of the disease and a predictor for the appointment of therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry is a reliable and available method for detecting a deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair system, and it has recommended as a screening for hereditary syndromes associated with microsatellite instability. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this research method from the point of view of the practitioner.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , ADN , Repeticiones de MicrosatéliteRESUMEN
Adenocarcinoma of the colon in 10-20% is associated with microsatellite instability, which can occur both in sporadic cancers and in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Our analysis of 195 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon showed that microsatellite instability (MSI-H) was found only in 1.5% of patients. Subsequent choice of patients with suspected hereditary Lynch syndrome led to the identification of additional 17 patients with microsatellite instability. They passed an analysis of genes of repair system of unpaired nucleotides of DNA. The study showed that immunohistochemical staining of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 could effectively conduct a preliminary screening of the Lynch syndrome but was unable to divide cases of sporadic and hereditary MSI-H colon cancer.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/análisis , Adenocarcinoma/química , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias del Colon/química , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/química , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/análisis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/análisis , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Proteína 2 Homóloga a MutS/análisis , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Endonucleasa PMS2 de Reparación del Emparejamiento Incorrecto , Homólogo 1 de la Proteína MutL , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Correlation between level of ALDH1 expression and metastases development in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was not revealed. Proliferation of stem cancer cells (ALDH1-positive) was significantly lower comparatively ALDH-1 negative tumor cells (p < 0.001). Proliferation of stem cancer cells vary from 0,1% to 10%.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Carcinogénesis , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinogénesis/inmunología , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/inmunología , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/inmunología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/inmunología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Receptores de Quimiocina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Russian Academy for Further Medical Education, St. Petersburg A clinical-statistical analysis of chemotherapeutic treatment of 198 gynecological cancer patients in an outpatient clinic and 226 ones in a hospital. It was concluded that was no difference in the treatment effectiveness, as well as in the incidence of hematological and non-hematological complications.
Asunto(s)
Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Atención Ambulatoria , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/tratamiento farmacológico , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Calidad de Vida , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria/tendencias , Anemia Hipocrómica/inducido químicamente , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Desoxicitidina/administración & dosificación , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Endometriales/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Federación de Rusia , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , GemcitabinaRESUMEN
Fifty-four (54) breast cancer patients, receiving tamoxifen, were enrolled into an evaluation of the status of the endometrium. Liquid-based cytology and immuno-cytochemical analysis were used for assessment. Our method proved viable in selective screening for differential diagnosis of endometrial pathology and cancer detection.