RESUMEN
Czechoslovak child neurologists devoted much attention to central infantile hypotonic syndrome (CIHS) in a series of investigations conducted in 1959-1986. They found that it is a developmental syndrome caused by affection of the immature brain, and later, at the age of 3-5 years, it disappears or transforms into other syndromes: most frequently cerebellar syndromes and developmental disintegrations (disintegration of the development of the CNS and medium-grade mental retardation). These groups overlap only little. From the hypotonic syndrome also the spastic syndrome or minor cerebral syndromes may develop. CIHS has, similarly as some other manifestations of CNS affections, multiple causes. One of them is most probably a defect of or lack of development of facilitating pathways of gamma fibres from the cerebellum or possibly from the reticular formation of the brain stem to the spinal cord; another probable cause is longer immaturity of the afferent system (which leads finally to developmental disintegration). It may be assumed that the facilitating systems of pathways develop later and are thus more immature and therefore more vulnerable. According to the latest information it seems that in CIHS also the muscular component participates as prenatal cerebral affections can cause myopathy with hypotonia.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Hipotonía Muscular , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Hipotonía Muscular/fisiopatología , SíndromeAsunto(s)
Adrenoleucodistrofia/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Esclerosis Cerebral Difusa de Schilder/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Inmunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Adrenoleucodistrofia/genética , Adrenoleucodistrofia/inmunología , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , LinajeAsunto(s)
Discapacidad Intelectual , Microcefalia , Trastornos del Movimiento , Atrofia , Encéfalo/patología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , SíndromeRESUMEN
Fifty-five preterm infants with birthweights between 800 and 2000g and gestational ages between 25 and 33 weeks were repeatedly examined for the Rossolimo and Mendel-Bechterew lower-limb reflexes. Up to 34 weeks conceptional age (CA) an abduction-extension pattern was characteristic. Between 34 and 36 weeks CA the response changed to one implying flexor spasticity, which in some cases lasted throughout the first postnatal trimester. It is thought that this response occurring around 34 to 38 weeks CA is a sign of normal developmental maturation. On the other hand, an extension-abduction response after 38 weeks CA and a flexor response after the first trimester is indicative of delayed motor development and might suggest an upper motor neuron lesion.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Espasticidad Muscular/fisiopatología , Peso al Nacer , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Parálisis Cerebral/complicaciones , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Espasticidad MuscularAsunto(s)
Hipotonía Muscular/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Masculino , SíndromeAsunto(s)
Estado Epiléptico/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Lactante , Estado Epiléptico/complicacionesAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Recién NacidoAsunto(s)
Recien Nacido Prematuro , Reflejo , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , MasculinoRESUMEN
Forty-two babies (20 boys, 22 girls) with birthweights from 800g to 2000g and gestational ages between 25 and 40 weeks were followed-up for several weeks with developmental tests and a conventional neurological examination. Here, only the flexion pyramidal signs are evaluated, i. e. downward flexion of the toes after percussion over the base of the metatarsals (Rossolimo's sign) and of the cuboid bone (Mendel-Bechterew's sign). These reflexes are signs of severe upper motor neuron lesion in children and adults, but also appear in normal newborns and disappear again until the 12th week of life. This study shows that the early response of FPS is abduction of the toes and extension of the great toe from the 25th up to the 34th to 36th gestational weeks, when it becomes the normal downward flexion of all toes. This developmental course seems to be the same in healthy preterm babies and in small-for-dates babies.