RESUMEN
Ventilation and its components (frequency and tidal volume) appear to be determined to a significant extent by inheritance. Gene manipulation, gene identification, and functional genomics now offer powerful tools to identify the strength and mode of inheritance for ventilatory behavior under steady-state and non-steady-state conditions, in health and in disease. Conscious integration of genetic principles into existing explanatory models may increase the likelihood of detecting traits that correlate with protein systems responsible for the structures and the functional components of respiration.
Asunto(s)
Respiración/genética , Humanos , Biología Molecular/métodosRESUMEN
In this study, we developed a broad conceptual framework focusing on how public health expenditures impact the nation's health. We then applied this framework to infant health outcomes and, using an eight-year state panel database, empirically analyzed how state public health expenditures, ceteris paribus, impact a state's level of teenage births and the receipt of prenatal care. Two hypotheses were tested. Hypothesis 1 states that over time, public health expenditures and public health activities, ceteris paribus, significantly decrease births to mothers less than 20 years of age. Hypothesis 2 states that over time, public health expenditures and public health activities, ceteris paribus, significantly decrease the number of infants whose mothers received late or no prenatal care. We find support for both hypotheses but observe that the way public health expenditures are measured has an impact on the findings. Other important implications of the study are noted. To our knowledge, this is the first article that has taken an aggregate state perspective over time and applied it to specific measures of infant health.
Asunto(s)
Gastos en Salud , Bienestar del Lactante/tendencias , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/economía , Administración en Salud Pública/economía , Adolescente , Femenino , Financiación Gubernamental , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Children treated for hydrocephalus frequently experience chronic constipation. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine if there is a population of children with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt dysfunction in whom constipation might be a factor in the shunt dysfunction. Of 51 cases reviewed, 19 had documented constipation, such as no bowel movement for 2 or more days, small hard ball-like stools or fullness of the colon noted on physical examination or abdominal radiographs. In 6 cases, a bowel cleansing was performed and signs and symptoms of shunt dysfunction resolved without shunt revision. This review suggests that constipation may affect the fluid or pressure dynamics of the VP shunt and contribute to shunt dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Estreñimiento/complicaciones , Hidrocefalia/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/enfermería , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/enfermería , Adolescente , Adulto , Presión del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/fisiología , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Estreñimiento/enfermería , Falla de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/enfermería , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, functioning by means of a pressure differential between the ventricular system and peritoneal cavity. Constipation is frequently a concomitant problem in children with VP shunts. A case study is reported in which signs and symptoms of shunt dysfunction appear to have developed as a result of constipation. Nurses and physicians must address the need for preventing constipation much more aggressively in the population requiring shunts.