RESUMEN
The objectives of this project were to (a) assess hypertension and diabetes screening data collection practices and guidelines and (b) develop and test standardized screening forms for use at minority community- and faith-based screening events. Project Phase I involved resource assessment and the development of a set of screening forms and guidelines containing a core data set for both hypertension and diabetes. These were then tested during Phase II at predetermined community based screening events throughout the United States. Community- and faith-based health screening programs are important in reaching and informing individuals in selected communities about their health and health risks. This study demonstrated the development of a standard tool that was effective in conducting African American community-based screening programs for hypertension and diabetes by community-based organizations. These activities are effective to obtain standardized information on individuals within the communities served.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/normas , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/normas , Negro o Afroamericano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medición de Riesgo/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To identify differences in the prevalence of ever having had a mammogram and having had a recent mammogram between older black and white women and to compare factors associated with mammography use in older black and white women. DESIGN: Data analysis and comparative study using nationally representative multistage sampling survey. SETTING: Data were obtained from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred forty-nine black and 3,328 white older women were examined. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome variables included never having had a mammogram (yes/no) and not having had a mammogram in the past 3 years (yes/no). RESULTS: The results of chi-square tests showed that older blacks were less likely to have ever had a mammogram than older whites, but there was no difference in having had a recent mammogram between older blacks and whites. After adjusting for other related factors, race was not related to mammography use in older blacks and whites. Health insurance was related to mammography use in older whites but not in older blacks. Family income was associated with never having had a mammogram in older whites but not in older blacks. Older blacks with less than 12 years of education were less likely to have had a mammogram (recently or ever) than older whites with less than 12 years of education. CONCLUSIONS: Even though race, per se, was not associated with mammography use in older black and white women, many barriers to mammography use between older black and white women were different or did not have similar effects. To promote mammography use in older black and white women, barriers need to be specifically targeted for each group to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer screening programs.