RESUMEN
Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is used in ethnomedicine as cicatrizant and for the treatment of gastric disorders. This study identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of X. americana (XaAE) and evaluated its antiulcerogenic activity. After lyophilization, XaAE was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its antiulcerogenic effect was evaluated in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, acidified ethanol, and indomethacin. Antisecretory action, mucus production and the participation of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and nitric oxide (NO) were also investigated. The chromatographic analysis identified procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin as major compounds. Oral administration of XaAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (76.1%, 77.5% and 100%, respectively), acidified ethanol (44.9%, 80.6% and 94.9%, respectively) and indomethacin (56.4%, 52.7% and 64.9%, respectively). XaAE reduced gastric contents and acidity (51.4% and 67.7%, respectively) but did not alter the production of gastric mucus. The reduction of the -SH and NO groups promoted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) respectively, reduced the gastroprotective effect of XaAE. In conclusion, XaAE has gastroprotective activity mediated in part by -SH, NO and antisecretory activity. This antiulcer action was initially correlated to its major constituents, procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/prevención & control , Olacaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Metabolismo Secundario , Animales , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/química , Catequina/química , Catequina/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Etanol/química , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inducido químicamente , Indometacina/química , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Ratones , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/química , Sustancias Protectoras/aislamiento & purificación , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , AguaRESUMEN
Objective: To assess children's anxiety before, during and after dental treatment with minimally invasive approaches: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. Material and Methods: This analytical crosssectional study, in which 1306 children were initially examined, and from these, those that had at least one deciduous molar with dentin caries (score 5 ICDAS) were selected, being indicated to ART and SDF treatments. The final sample consisted of 94 children, 46 girls and 48 boys, aged between 6 and 8 years old. Each child received an ART or SDF procedure, and in all interventions, operators and treatments were randomized. Dental anxiety was assessed by facial image scale (FIS) before, during and after minimally invasive approaches. Results: Dental anxiety prevalence was of 34% before the minimally invasive approaches. Children showed a higher anxiety level during interventions (ART and SDF). And, after the service was finished, there was an increase in children with high anxiety, which ranged from 3.1% (before treatment) to 9.6% (after treatment). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the anxiety related to the types of treatment and conformation of the cavities (class I and II). Conclusion: Both child groups had higher anxiety levels during treatments, both in ART and SDF approaches.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Niño , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Dental/métodos , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Brasil , Distribución de Chi-CuadradoRESUMEN
Orthognathic surgery is the surgical procedure that makes correcting deformities of the bones in the region of the maxilla and mandible a reality in the Brazilian dentistry. However, this type of surgery usually involves paresthesia in the postoperative period, concerning the surgeons who perform them and generating discomfort to patients. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of infrared laser (830 nm) in the prevention and treatment of paresthesias after orthognathic surgery. Six patients underwent orthognathic surgery: the experimental group composed of 4 patients and the control group that did not receive laser therapy composed of 2 patients. The experimental group received laser applications during the transoperative and 12 postoperative sessions. Tests for mechanical (deep and shallow) and thermal (cold) sensitivity were performed in the preoperative and postoperative period (during 12 sessions) in the lip and chin areas by the same operator. The paresthesia was classified into 1, strong; 2, moderate; 3, mild; and 4, absent, through the patient's response to stimuli. The results showed that all patients had no disturbance of sensitivity in the preoperative period, but paresthesia was presented at various levels in the postoperative period. Both groups showed recovery of deep mechanical sensitivity within a shorter time interval compared with the superficial mechanical and thermal sensitivity. However, at the 12th assessment, patients who underwent the laser therapy showed better reduction in the level of paresthesia or even complete regression of this. The laser, therefore, brought benefits to the treatment of paresthesia, accelerating the return of neurosensorial sensitivity.