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The aim of this work has been to assess the feasibility of using Prothrombin Time (PT) Assay before and after administration of Pelentan (Hypoprothrombinemia Provocation (HPP) Test) for early detection of subclinical toxic hepatic injuries. The proposed modification of PT Assay is based on the observation that people with slight hepatic injury receiving small doses of Pelentan (diethylcoumarol) display remarkably longer PT than healthy people receiving similar doses of the chemical. The test group comprised 37 people occupationally exposed to hepatotoxic agents, 85 males permanently abusing alcohol, while 24 clinically healthy people, not exposed occupationally to the toxic agents served as the control. In addition, 26 hepatitis B and/or C virus carriers were also examined. The results show that: 1. HPP test enables assessment of hepatic function in patients with suspected hepatic injury and in people permanently abusing alcohol; 2. low value of serum prothrombin index 24 h and 48 h after the administration of Pelentan is indicative of the positive result of the test; 3. HPP test provides more information on the functional condition of liver than single PT determination by the Quick assay.

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The group investigated comprised 60 workers under conditions of chronic exposure to metallic mercury vapours (mean exposure duration--9.3 yrs; mean age of subjects--38.5 yrs). The control group was composed of 24 non-exposed persons (mean age--39.9 yrs). The workers exposed were divided into three groups according to the air concentration of metallic mercury vapours at the workpost, group A--0.15-0.17 mg/m3, group B--0.03-0.08 mg/m3 and group C--0.02-0.03 mg/m3. The workers qualified for the study did not receive any medication containing acetylsalicylic acid derivatives, and did not consume alcoholic drinks for few days prior to the study. Persons with the diagnosis or the history of blood disorders, venous or arterial thrombosis as well as those with diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were excluded from the study. The haemostasis assessment was based on the results of laboratory tests, PLT, TBT, ACT, APTT, HTCT, INR and Fg, AT III, alpha 2 M, FDP, and FM concentrations. The comparison of the exposed and control groups revealed a statistically significant decrease in ACT and AT III concentrations. When particular groups under exposure were compared with one another and the controls, the increased INR and Fg concentrations were found in group A. Moreover, this group showed an increased platelet count, as well as decreased TBT and alpha 2 M concentrations. However, the differences between the groups were statistically insignificant. The results of the study indicated that chronic exposure to mercury may impair haemostasis and lead to hypercoagulability. The latter may result from the deficiency of natural coagulation inhibitors.

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Using the cytoenzymatic method acid phosphatase was determined in peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes in 25 patients with allergic eczema, 31 patients with eczema due to irritants and 18 clinically healthy subjects. In patients with allergic eczema the percent of neutrophils and lymphocytes containing acid phosphatase was decreased and the activity of this enzyme in neutrophils was reduced. In patients with non allergic eczema these values were normal. The method of determination of acid phosphate in neutrophils and lymphocytes is regarded as useful for the differentiation between both types of eczema.

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The aim of this paper is to present difficulties in establishing the causal relationship between many years' combined exposure to benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons and the occurrence of a rare form of leukemia (hairy cell leukemia) in a worker of patients and lacquers factory. Usefulness of experimental and points epidemiologic studies is critically discussed in order to show the consequences of the etiology of combined occupational exposure.

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In a group of 1887 men exposed to CS2 and in a 522--persons--control group haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, average haemoglobin concentration, leukocytes number and leukogram were determined. The statistical evaluation of the distribution of the values in both populations showed no statistically significant differences.

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The authors present results of studies of granulocyte marrow reserve stimulated by prednison in 60 patients exposed to physical and chemical agents damaging the hematopoietic system and compare the results with those from examinations of a 10-persons control group. The response of the granulocyte system to the stimulus is confronted with the number of leukocytes and neutrophils of peripheral blood prior to stimulation, and with the myelogram. The authors indicate that the examination of granulocytes marrow reserve by the prednison as a stimulator may be used as one of the methods allowing for evaluating the degree of exogenous lesion of the hematopoietic system.

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An attempt was undertaken to use the following indices of systemic changes resulting from longlasting occupational exposure to some chemicals: -- ferrum concentration in blood serum, the level of latent capacity to bind ferrum, and the degree of transferrin saturation with ferrum. The examination involved 177 clinically healthy men, aged 18--60. The control group consisted of 40 healthy men, aged 22--60. In 30.5% of persons, deviations were found, which might be induced by disturbances in general immunity of the organism, whereas in 16,4% the deviations might indicate chronic systemic changes.

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Evaluation of the reaction of leukocytes in peripheral blood of people suffering from acute exogenic intoxications was undertaken. The examination comprised 47 persons aged 15--72, intoxicated with soporifics, sedatives, carbon monoxide and other substances (ethanol, methanol, lyes). The control group consisted of 26 persons, aged 18--56, in this 10 healthy persons, 10 persons with acute bacterial infections and 6 with viral infections. For evaluation of phagocytic activity of granulocytes a test of the reduction of nitrotetrazoline blue (NBT) was used. Besides the activity of non-specific esterases in monocytes and lymphocytes was determined. The data obtained demonstrated significant differences in the behaviour of the NBT test in granulocytes of acutely intoxicated persons, as compared with healthy people and those suffering from bacterial and viral diseases.

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An attempt to early diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in persons acutely intoxicated with exogenic compounds was undertaken. The investigation involved 56 persons, aged 12--72, in this -- 20 females. In 21 persons intoxicated with carbon monoxide, organic solvents, metallic compounds and Amanita phalloides DIC syndrome was was found, the diagnosis being established -- in 14 persons -- in the subclinic phase. The diagnosis of DIC syndrome was based on results of clinical examination and hemostasis system examinations, enabling to evaluate the effect of free thrombin upon fibrinogen, fibrin and thrombocytes. Clinical observations and results of laboratory test indicate that only early diagnosis of DIC syndrome and thereby an instant inculcation of heparin therapy allow to gain complete remission of hemostatic disturbances in acutely intoxicated persons.

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