RESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the shaping and cleaning performance of the Clearsonic ultrasonic tip as a supplementary tool during the preparation of long oval-shaped root canals through micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging technology. The Reciproc M-Wire R40 instrument was used as a reference instrumentation technique for comparison. METHODOLOGY: Twenty mandibular incisors with single, straight and long oval-shaped canals were selected and pair-matched by micro-CT scanning. The root canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 and R40 instruments, scanned again in a micro-CT device and randomly allocated into one of the two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the supplementary debridement protocol used: Clearsonic or Reciproc R40 used in a brushing motion against buccal and lingual walls. Noninstrumented canal areas, accumulation of hard-tissue debris (AHTD) and volume of removed dentine were assessed using micro-CT imaging following the supplementary debridement protocols. Data were analysed statistically in two phases using a t-test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: In phase-1, there was a significant similarity between the samples regarding the evaluated micro-CT baseline parameters (P > 0.05), validating the anatomical similarity between the tooth pairs. In phase-2, there was a significant difference between the groups for canal volume, surface area, noninstrumented root canal walls and the amount of removed dentine for both absolute and percentage values (P < 0.05), but not for AHTD (P = 0.759). CONCLUSIONS: The Clearsonic tip outperformed the Reciproc R40 instrument as a supplementary debridement protocol as it was associated with significantly greater reduction of noninstrumented root canals walls and consequently a larger amount of removed dentine. Both groups performed similarly regarding the AHTD.
Asunto(s)
Preparación del Conducto Radicular , Desbridamiento , Cavidad Pulpar , Diseño de Equipo , Ultrasonido , Microtomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Moral individualism (Brooks, 2011; Smith, 2011) is a contemporary interpretation of morality as entirely a matter of personal choice. It is a popular rather than theory-based interpretation and has a number of social generative sources related to present-day preoccupation with individuality and personal distinctiveness. A key generative source is popularization of postmodernism, which prioritizes self-reinvention and provides moral individualism with the appearance of intellectual legitimacy. Moral individualism is a deeply flawed misconception of morality because it abolishes moral communality. My concern in this paper is that in doing so, it seriously jeopardizes productive discussion of the moral permissibility of elective death or choosing to die in despairingly and dire circumstances.
Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones , Principios Morales , Autonomía Personal , Suicidio/psicología , HumanosRESUMEN
Candida albicans and, more recently, non-C. albicans Candida spp. are considered the most frequent fungi in hospitals. This study analyzed Candida spp. isolates and compared the frequency of different species, that is, C. albicans and non-C. albicans Candida spp., and the origins of isolates, that is, from hospital environments or infections. Yeast virulence factors were evaluated based on biofilm production and metabolic activity. Hemolysin production and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of isolates were also evaluated. Candida spp. were highly prevalent in samples collected from hospital environments, which may provide a reservoir for continuous infections with these yeasts. There were no differences in the biofilm productivity levels and metabolic activities of the environmental and clinical isolates, although the metabolic activities of non-C. albicans Candida spp. biofilms were greater than those of the C. albicans biofilms (p < 0.05). Clinical samples had higher hemolysin production (p < 0.05) and lower susceptibility to fluconazole (p < 0.05). Non-C. albicans Candida spp. predominated in samples collected from hospital environments and infections (p < 0.05). These species had a lower susceptibility to fluconazole and amphotericin B, and their biofilms had higher metabolic activities than those produced by C. albicans, which may explain the increased incidence of fungal infections with these yeasts during recent years.