RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis, a potentially sight-threatening condition, remains a challenge for ophthalmologists worldwide. The endophthalmitis vitrectomy study (EVS) conducted in 1995 compared vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotic injections to intravitreal antibiotic injections alone for acute post-cataract surgery and secondary intraocular lens endophthalmitis, setting treatment guidelines. However, the landscape of clinical practice has evolved considerably since then, raising questions about the applicability of EVS recommendations today. SUMMARY: Recent studies have proposed that early and complete vitrectomy (CEVE) could potentially be an effective approach for managing endophthalmitis cases, irrespective of the initial visual acuity. However, it is important to note that the level of rigor in these recent studies may not match that of the EVS study, and as such, this assertion should be considered with caution. Furthermore, the EVS study exclusively focused on post-cataract surgery cases, leaving other endophthalmitis types, like post-intravitreal injection and post-traumatic endophthalmitis, without standardized treatment guidelines. Research exploring the role of early vitrectomy in these contexts yields mixed results, emphasizing the need for further investigation and well-designed prospective trials. Endogenous endophthalmitis, originating from systemic infections, adds complexity to the scenario. While early vitrectomy shows promise in specific cases, conflicting evidence necessitates comprehensive research. KEY MESSAGES: This review underscores the necessity for tailored treatment strategies, supporting early vitrectomy when clinically indicated, and advocating for prospective trials to clarify its role in diverse endophthalmitis scenarios. As surgical techniques and antimicrobial therapies continue to advance, reevaluating treatment paradigms becomes crucial to enhance patient outcomes and protect ocular health.
Asunto(s)
Catarata , Endoftalmitis , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo , Humanos , Vitrectomía , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/terapia , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Endoftalmitis/diagnóstico , Endoftalmitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In this pandemic SARS-CoV-2 crisis, any attempt to contain and eliminate the virus will also stop its spread and consequently decrease the risk of severe illness and death. While ozone treatment has been suggested as an effective disinfection process, no precise mechanism of action has been previously reported. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of ozone treatment on SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, virus collected from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab and sputum samples from symptomatic patients was exposed to ozone for different exposure times. The virus morphology and structure were monitored and analyzed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and ATR-FTIR. The obtained results showed that ozone treatment not only unsettles the virus morphology but also alters the virus proteins' structure and conformation through amino acid disturbance and Zn ion release from the virus non-structural proteins. These results could provide a clearer pathway for virus elimination and therapeutics preparation.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Ozono/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2/química , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Proteasas Similares a la Papaína de Coronavirus/química , Proteasas Similares a la Papaína de Coronavirus/metabolismo , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente de ARN de Coronavirus/química , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente de ARN de Coronavirus/metabolismo , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína/efectos de los fármacos , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína/efectos de los fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/ultraestructura , Factores de Tiempo , Envoltura Viral/química , Envoltura Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales/química , Proteínas Reguladoras y Accesorias Virales/metabolismo , Zinc/química , Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
Many malignant cancers have an increased demand for lipoprotein due to the requirement for lipids for the rapid proliferation of the tumours and which is met by the increased availability of LDL through upregulation of LDL transporters. This unique phenomenon is the basis for the use of LDL based nanoparticles for cell imaging. In this study, a novel MR-active LDL nanoparticle was synthesised as the MRI probes. This MR-active LDL was characterised by using different techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The intracellular uptake of Gd3+ and cytotoxicity was measured by ICP-AES and MTT assay respectively. Results suggest that this nanoprobe with spherical shape and size of 55 nm has reduced relaxation time compared to commercial contrast agent and is introduced as an appropriate imaging probe. The amount of reabsorption of nanoprobe increased up to 6 h and given that the connection of the chelator does not have an effect on reabsorption proves that entry through transporter of APO section has done. This study lays the basis for exploring a personalised medicine strategy by directing a patient's own LDL to cancer cell imaging in the early stages.