RESUMEN
The California Department of Health Services conducted a $28,600,000 tobacco education media campaign in 1990 and 1991. An independent evaluation of the media campaign featured four waves of data-gathering, one prior to the campaign's beginning and three at intervals thereafter. In all, 29,264 students in grades 4-12 and 6,785 adult smokers provided data for the evaluation. Through telephone interviews for adults and written questionnaires for students, these participants supplied information so that each person could be classified as exposed or unexposed to the media campaign's advertisements. Five criterion variables were used in the evaluation: campaign awareness, tobacco use, smokers' intention to quit, nonsmokers' intention to start, and attitudes toward smoking. Based chiefly on the differences between the results of waves 1 and 4, we believe the media campaign had a number of positive effects on California students. For adult smokers, the results were mixed.
Asunto(s)
Publicidad , Educación en Salud , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Adolescente , Adulto , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Concienciación , California/epidemiología , Niño , Recolección de Datos/métodos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Estudiantes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TeléfonoRESUMEN
As part of an evaluation of the 1990-91 anti-tobacco media campaign carried out by the California Department of Health Services, a study was conducted among 417 regular smokers who had quit during the period of the media campaign. In brief telephone interviews, all respondents identified up to three events or experiences that had influenced them to quit. In response to uncued questions, 6.7 percent of those interviewed indicated that they had been influenced to quit by an advertisement they had seen or heard on radio, television, or billboards. In response to direct questions about the media campaign, 34.3 percent of the respondents indicated that the media campaign's advertisement had played a part in their decision to quit. Applying the 6.7 percentage to the number of Californians who quit smoking in 1990-91, it can be estimated that for 33,000 former smokers, the anti-tobacco media advertisements were an important stimulus in their quit decision. Multiplying the 34.3 percent by the number of former California smokers who quit in 1990-91, the estimate of former smokers for whom the media campaign's advertisements played at least some part in their decision to quit rises to 173,000 persons. While causal attributions from such investigations should be made with caution, the evidence suggests that the 1990-91 campaign did influence substantial number of smokers in California to quit.
Asunto(s)
Publicidad , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Cese del Hábito de Fumar/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , California , HumanosRESUMEN
Transgrow bottles with medium containing ammonium bicarbonate and Transgrow bottles gassed with 10% carbon dioxide performed equally well in detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 434 clinical specimens. It appears that incorporation of ammonium bicarbonate into the medium increased the efficiency of the manufacturing process while maintaining the effectiveness of the medium.