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Introducción: La ifosfamida es un agente alquilante utilizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades oncohematológicas. Entre sus eventos adversos agudos se encuentra la neurotoxicidad. Esta puede presentarse desde el inicio de la infusión hasta tres días después. El tratamiento consiste en suspender la administración y asegurar una adecuada hidratación. Objetivo: Describir eventos neurológicos asociados al uso de ifosfamida en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades oncohematológicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Garrahan que infundieron ifosfamida y desarrollaron síntomas neurológicos. Se analizaron edad, diagnóstico de base, dosis de ifosfamida, síntomas neurológicos y su relación con la infusión, tratamiento instaurado, exámenes complementarios y posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Resultados: Se registraron un total de catorce eventos neurológicos en doce pacientes, sin diferencia de sexo, con una mediana de edad de 9,5 años. La enfermedad de base más prevalente fue osteosarcoma. Las convulsiones fueron el síntoma más frecuente (50%), seguido de somnolencia y paresias. La combinación de ifosfamida y etopósido con/sin carboplatino se asoció en un 36% cada uno. El 64% desarrolló neurotoxicidad dentro de las primeras cuatro horas. Ningún paciente presentó alteraciones en los exámenes complementarios. Todos presentaron recuperación ad integrum. Conclusión: Este estudio brinda información acerca del tiempo de aparición de esta complicación, lo cual facilitará su detección precoz y tratamiento oportuno (AU)

Introduction: Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used for the treatment of cancer. Among its acute adverse events is neurotoxicity. This can occur from the beginning of the infusion up to three days afterwards. Treatment consists of discontinuing administration and ensuring adequate hydration. Objective: To describe neurological events associated with the use of ifosfamide in children with cancer. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from clinical records of patients admitted to the Garrahan Hospital who received ifosfamide infusion and developed neurological symptoms. Age, baseline diagnosis, ifosfamide dose, neurological symptoms and their relationship with the infusion, treatment, complementary tests, and possible associated risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of fourteen neurological events were recorded in twelve patients, without difference in sex and with a median age of 9.5 years. The most prevalent underlying disease was osteosarcoma. Seizures were the most frequent symptom (50%), followed by drowsiness and paresis. The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide with/without carboplatin was associated in 36% each. Sixty-four percent developed neurotoxicity within the first four hours. None of the patients presented with abnormalities in the complementary examinations. All recovered ad integrum. Conclusion: This study provides information about the time of onset of this complication, which will facilitate its early detection and timely treatment (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antipsychotic treatment is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disease, an effect that seems to be constant across the spectrum of distinct agents. This study sought to delineate the effect of new antipsychotic use on the risk of recurrent thromboembolic events after a first episode of either deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. METHODS: This cohort study, conducted between January 2010 and June 2017, was based on a prospectively collected database of adult patients with VTE. The main exposure was the new onset of antipsychotic treatment after having a first episode of venous thromboembolic disease. The primary outcome was defined as recurrent VTE, either deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, during long-term follow-up. The composite of all-cause mortality and recurrent VTE served as the secondary outcome. An inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to adjust for measured confounding and competing risks. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred three patients were included in the present analysis, of whom 136 were identified as new users of antipsychotic agents. A total of 67% of patients were currently treated with full-dose anticoagulation at baseline. No association was found between the new use of antipsychotic agents and recurrent VTE during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.38-3.08). However, the use of these agents was associated with a 63% increased risk of recurrent VTE or all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.26-2.10). CONCLUSIONS: The use of antipsychotic agents among patients with a first episode of VTE and full-dose anticoagulation was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent thromboembolic events. However, antipsychotic treatment was associated with a higher risk of both VTE and all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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La capacitación del recurso humano en salud y la conformación de equipos interdisciplinarios son elementos claves en la renovación de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). En los objetivos de los programas de las residencias deberían estar presentes y planificados estos lineamientos. El Hospital Garrahan es una institución pública de referencia para la atención de patologías de alta complejidad cuyos objetivos asistenciales se vinculan fuertemente con objetivos de capacitación y formación de recursos humanos. Desde el año 2006, el programa de la residencia incorporó algunas modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, entre ellas el fortalecimiento de las actividades de APS. Esta integración curricular se ha cumplido a través de las siguientes estrategias: 1) Rotaciones en Centros de Salud y Acción Comunitaria de la CABA (1° y 4°año); 2) Rotaciones de Atención Comunitaria en Centros de Atención Primaria del Interior del país o, 3) en instituciones de la CABA y en el propio Hospital (3° y 4°año); 4) la asistencia cada 15 días al Consultorio de Seguimiento de Residentes (2° y 3° año). La experiencia del desarrollo del módulo de APS en la residencia de pediatría del Hospital Garrahan ha sido enriquecedora permitiendo integrar y alinear las actividades dentro y fuera del hospital. La convicción de su importancia y la aceptación por todos los actores involucrados probablemente serán los elementos claves para asegurar su continuidad y crecimiento, afianzando la visión del pediatra que estamos dispuestos a formar.

The training of human resources in health care and the setting-up of interdisciplinary teams are key elements in the renovation of primary health care (PHC). The aims of residency programs should be developed along these lines. The Garrahan Hospital is a public referral hospital providing complex care in which the care aims are closely related to the training of human resources. Since 2006, several quantitative and qualitative changes, such as the strengthening of PHC, have been made in the residency program. Integration of PHC in the residency program was achieved using different strategies: 1) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in the City of Buenos Aires (1st and 4th year); 2) Rotations in Centers for Primary Health and Community Action in different prov-inces, or 3) in centers in the City of Buenos Aires and in the hospital itself (3rd and 4th year); 4) Each 15 days, services in outpatient follow-up offices for residents (2nd and 3rd year). The experience of developing a PHC module in the pediatric residency program of the Garrahan Hospital has been enrich-ing and has allowed to integrate and align activities both inside and out of the hospital. The conviction that the program is important and its acceptance by all of those involved are key elements to ensure its continuity and growth consolidating the view of the kind of pediatrician we aim to train.

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