RESUMEN

Using microchemical methods for detection of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (S) and its metabolite--5'-hydroxyindolilacetic acid (5'-HIAA) as well as the activity of neuromediator-utilising enzymes--MAO A and B and enzymes of acetylcholine metabolism--cholinacetyltranspherase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we revealed that synthetic GABA-derivative compound diagram (250 mg/kg during 10 days) normalized functioning of dopaminergic and acetylcholinergic systems in sensormotor cortex and caudate nucleus of Wistar rats with haloperidol-induced (0.5 mg/kg during 30 days) bradykinesia. Measured by quantitative interpherometric method, a specific response of functionally different sensomotor cortex (layers III and V) neurons and caudate nucleus by such characteristics as cytoplasm and nuclei sizes, protein content and concentration was found. Control for rat's behavior in open field revealed that diagram restored emotional activity disturbed by haloperidol injections and improved the indices of the animals searching activity.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The article is devoted to commemoration of full member of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Oleg Andreevich Adrianov, who would have celebrated his 75-th anniversary in 1998. O. S. Adrianov, author of numerous works on physiology and morphology of central nervous system, in the recent years of his was studying the problem of the processes relationship at macro and micro levels of brain organization. Further to the concept created by O.S. Adrianov, data on action of two peptides: delta-sleep and tafcine, on behavior, neurophysiological and neurochemical processes have been consolidated. Experimental data were obtained for rabbits, cats, and dogs, both intact and in the state of pathology (psychomotoric excitement, bradykinesia, penicillin epilepsy). Impact of peptides on convergation processes is discussed: peptide of delta-sleep depresses reactions of brain structures to photo- and phono-stimulation, and activates the serotoninergic system in general; tafcine enforces the convergation processes and activates the dopaminergic system.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Following amphetamine administration, the DSIP aggravated behavioural patterns but the EEG remained unaltered in the visual and motor cortex, and in the caudate nucleus. The findings suggest that the peptides modulating action depends on the way of dopamine hyperfunction initiation.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The resulting data give evidences, that after injection of the low doses of amphetamine the decrease of amplitudes both negative (NC-3), and positive components (PC-3) of the thalamo-cortical responses (TCR) of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) takes place in 2nd-3d-weeks-old rabbits of their postnatal life. At the same time the amplitudes of these phases in 45-50-days-old animals change to greatly less extent, without any system, with low level of statistical significance. After injection of medium doses of amphetamine in 2nd-3d-weeks-old rabbits, the increase in amplitudes of both components of TCR SMC in observed, at the same time in definitive animals the amplitudes of these responses decrease greatly. After injection of the high doses of amphetamine in 2nd-3d-weeks-old rabbits the further increase in amplitude PC-3 and NC-3 is displayed, at the same time the growth of amplitude parameters of TCR SMC appears for elder animals under this concentration of amphetamine only. Neurophysiological and neurochemical analyses of these phenomena are developed. Neuro-ontogenesis hypothesis of causes of high vulnerability of the nervous system in young animals and children during critical period of increased risk under the exposure to both psychotropic drugs and endogenous psychopathogenic factors being proposed, that can simplify search for adequate psychopharmacology protector, etc.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The complex neurophysiological, biochemical, and histochemical investigation carried out in dogs, cats, rabbits, and rats revealed the effects of taftsin (300 mcg/kg) at the macro- and microlevels within different periods (30 and 75 min) after its intraperitoneal injection. It was shown that after taftsin administration the configuration of evoked potentials was modified, especially, in the visual cortex and the nucleus accumbens. The absolute power of EEG spectra increased in a wide range of brain structures under consideration. Catecholaminergic activity was augmented and serotonin activity suppressed in the sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus, the indices of the protein metabolism reciprocally changed in the cortical and subcortical structures. Comparison of taftsin effects at different levels suggests that such effects are mainly caused by the interaction between the dopamine-containing brain structures. The consequence of taftsin administration can be probably interpreted as an intervention into the processes of visual perception.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Tuftsin administration enhanced the electrical activity in the visual and motor cortex and in the n. caudatus. Against the background of haloperidol. Tuftsin normalised activation of the neurotransmitter system. The data obtained suggest that the modulated action of peptides to be one of the ways of compensating processes developing in pathological situations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS) were investigated in 40 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) in relation to clinical features of the disease. Bronchial tree inflammation was associated with reduced AOS function and intensification of LPO which reached a new high level. LPO activity, tocopherol concentration in red cell membranes and the severity of respiratory obstructive syndrome were correlated. It is suggested that high LPO activity may underlie the disease chronicity and development of progressive irreversible bronchial obstruction. Antioxidant drugs are believed necessary for COB patients not only in acute, but also in regression and remission phases of the disease.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Haloperidol was administered to rabbits in a dose 500 micrograms/kg during 60 min or 30 days. Its effects were studied in enzymes controlling neurotransmitters utilization--monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B, acetylcholine esterase (ACE) in synaptosomes subfractions and mitochondria of the cells--and on the content of biogenic amines in the sensomotor cortex and caudate nucleus tissues. It was found that this neuroleptic induces reciprocal changes in MAO specific activity (a decrease in MAO B activity and an increase in MAO A), a fall in the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in unchanged levels of 5'-HT and 5'-HYAA.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The free behaviour experiments on rats showed during the first day the tuftsin-induced (0.3 mg/kg i. p.) increment of epileptic discharge in all the structures simultaneously. Open field behaviour depended on the sequence of penicillin and tuftsin injections. The rats with tuftsin used after the epileptiformic activity has been developed showed the behaviour analogical to the penicillin-injected animals. The preventive injections of tuftsin resulted in restoration of all behavioural indications by the third day. The optimal corrective effect has been obtained with tuftsin used preventively.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

First haloperidol administration is followed by the reorganization of evoked potentials in visual cortex. During haloperidol administration (10-12 days after the beginning) variations of evoked potentials is visual cortex and in subcortical structures uniform evoked potentials took place.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In dogs, cats, rabbits, the effects of unique and chronic administration of L-DOPA (20-50 mg/kg daily) on central dopamine processes, behaviour, interrelations of sensory and motor regimens of the structures and on the transmitter metabolism, were studied. The interrelations of sensory and motor regimens became competitive, reciprocal changes occurred in dopaminergic and other transmitter (serotoninergic and acetylcholinergic) systems. The findings seem to be related to development of psychomotor excitation.

Asunto(s)