RESUMEN
The study was performed on 53 patients diagnosed with non arterial anterior optic neuropathy treated with dopamine. After a monitoring period of 5 years it seems that an increase in visual acuity at these patients occurred. The main conclusion is that using dopamine in some cases of non arterial anterior optic neuropathy is necessary and beneficial.
Asunto(s)
Dopaminérgicos/uso terapéutico , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Carbidopa/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Agudeza Visual/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Various liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques for analyzing avermectin (Abamectin) were compared after extraction of residues from citrus fruit samples by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). LC with UV and fluorescence detection were used as also was LC coupled to the mass spectrometer by an electrospray interface. The results obtained by the three methods were compared in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. The combination of MSPD extraction and LC with fluorescence detection have made it possible to quantify 0.5 microg kg(-1) of Abamectin in 0.5 g of orange sample, with an overall average recovery of 94%. The procedure provides a simple and sensitive method for monitoring Abamectin residues in citrus fruit at the levels required by legislation.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Citrus/química , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Ivermectina/análisis , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
It was investigated the in vivo effect of glutethimide on the intracellular neuroadaptation characteristic for m-opioid receptor tolerance induced by chronic codeine treatment and reflected by increased levels of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). AC activity was appreciated by cyclic-AMP (cAMP) formation, the levels of adenine and guanine nucleotides in brain extracts being assayed using a high performance liquid chromatographic method. The concomitant chronic administration of codeine and glutethimide resulted in a pronounced and long-lasting energetic depletion of the neurons, consistent with the high risk of overdose, and increase of cAMP's stable metabolite, 5'-AMP. This increase is persistent even after withdrawal and suggests an interference with the adenylyl cyclase system involved in the development of tolerance of opioid receptor and in relapse and provides a possible explanation of addiction and fast increase of doses observed in humans abusing this combination.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Codeína/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Glutetimida/farmacología , Adenilil Ciclasas/metabolismo , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , AMP Cíclico/análogos & derivados , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Tolerancia a Medicamentos/fisiología , Nucleótidos de Guanina/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD(50) of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium's nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.
RESUMEN
Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)-UV densitometric and gas-chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection (GC-MSD) methods were developed for simultaneous quantification of morphine and codeine in poppy capsules (Papaver somniferum). Morphine and codeine were isolated by extraction with chloroform: isopropanol (3:1, v/v) at pH = 8.5 and by solid-phase extraction on Snap-Cap cartridges at pH = 8.5. The TLC-UV densitometric quantification was performed by external standard method on silica gel plates using ethyl acetate: toluene: methanol: ammonia (68:17:10:5, v/v) as developing solvent and UV detection at 275 nm. For the GC-MSD analysis, the drugs were derivatized with acetic anhydride: pyridine (1:1, v/v) and separated on a 30 m HP5 capillary column. The quantification was performed using nalorphine as internal standard.