RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: In Venezuela, cardiovascular diseases have represented the first mortality cause since year 1967. Evidence have shown that early lesion of coronary atherosclerosis can be observed at infancy in close association to obesity and diabetes, suggesting that preventive measures should be initiated at that time. OBJECTIVE: To study presence of hyperlipidemia or hyperglicemia in obese children as risk indicators. METHODOLOGY: 121 children (aged 8.7 +/- 3.43 years), with body mass index above 90th percentile for age (Fundacredesa) were studied. Serum cholesterol and its fractions (HDL-C and LDL-C), triglycerides and fasting glucose by enzymatic-colorimetric methods were determined, Cut-off points from Fundacredesa were used for cholesterol and triglycerides, while from National Cholesterol Education Program and American Diabetes Association, were used for LDL-C and HDL-C, and glucose, respectively. Children were grouped by age: Group 1: 2-5.11 years (19%); Group 2: 6-8.11 years (28.1%); and Group 3: elder than 9 years (52.9%). Statistical analysis was performed considering gender and age. RESULTS: Mean values for cholesterol were at risk level in males Group 1. Mean values for HDL-c were at risk level for girls Group 1 and 3 and males Group 3. Mean values for triglycerides were at risk level for girls Group 1 and 3 and males Group 2; but high levels were found in males from Group 1 and 3. LDL-C was at aceptable values for all the groups. No hyperglicemia was found. CONCLUSION: Low and at risk HDL-c and high triglycerides as lipid profile in these obese children indicate a high risk for cardiovascular disease, being males the more affected. A high proportion of the children fulfilled three criteria for Metabolic Syndrome. Dietary control and modification on food pattern and physical activity should be implemented.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Hiperglucemia/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Glucemia/análisis , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Niño , Preescolar , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/prevención & control , Masculino , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Triglicéridos/sangre , Venezuela/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de muerte en Venezuela desde el año 1967. Existen evidencias que demuestran que la lesión temprana de la aterosclerosis coronaria se inicia en la infancia con marcada asociación a la obesidad y diabetes, por lo que su prevención debe iniciarse en esa época. Objetivo: Estudiar la presencia de hiperlipidemia e hiperglicemia en niños obesos como indicadores de riesgo. Metodología: Se seleccionaron 121 niños (edad 8,7±3,43 años), con índice de masa corporal mayor al P90 para su edad (Fundacredesa). Se determinó colesterol sérico total y fracciones (HDL-C y LDL-C), triglicéridos y glicemia en ayunas por métodos enzimáticos-colorimétricos. Se utilizaron puntos de corte para colesterol y triglicéridos según referencia nacional (Fundacredesa), para las LDL-C y HDL-C, los criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program y para glicemia según la American Diabetes Association. La muestra se agrupó por edad en: 2-5,11 años (19%): Grupo 1; 6-8,11 años (28,1%): Grupo 2 y mayores de 9 años (52,9%): Grupo 3. Análisis estadístico por genero y grupo etario. Resultados: El colesterol se ubicó en "riesgo" en los varones Grupo 1. Las HDL-C en riesgo en las niñas de Grupo 1 y Grupo 3 y en los varones Grupo 3. Los triglicéridos, se ubicaron en niveles de "riesgo" para las niñas Grupo 1 y Grupo 3 y varones Grupo 2 y en rango "elevado" en los varones Grupo 1 y Grupo 3. Las LDL-C, se ubicaron en todos los grupos en rango "aceptable" y no se encontró hiperglicemia en los niños evaluados. Conclusión: El perfil bajo de HDL y elevado de triglicéridos, sugiere un mayor riesgo de estos niños obesos a enfermedad cardiovascular, con mayor afectación en el género masculino. Una elevada proporción de ellos cumple con tres criterios definitorios de Síndrome metabólico por lo que se recomienda control dietario y modificaciones en el patrón de alimentación y de actividad física (AU)
In Venezuela, cardiovascular diseases have represented the first mortality cause since year 1967. Evidence have shown that early lesion of coronary atherosclerosis can be observed at infancy in close association to obesity and diabetes, suggesting that preventive measures should be initiated at that time. Objective: To study presence of hyperlipidemia or hyperglicemia in obese children as risk indicators. Methodology: 121 children (aged 8,7 ± 3,43 años), with body mass index above 90th percentile for age (Fundacredesa) were studied. Serum cholesterol and its fractions (HDL-C y LDL-C), triglycerides and fasting glucose by enzymatic-colorimetric methods were determined, Cut-off points from Fundacredesa were used for cholesterol and triglycerides, while from National Cholesterol Education Program and American Diabetes Association, were used for LDL-C and HDL-C, and glucose, respectively. Children were grouped by age: Group 1: 2-5,11 years (19%); Group 2: 6-8,11 years (28,1%); and Group 3: elder than 9 years (52,9%). Statistical analysis was performed considering gender and age. Results: Mean values for cholesterol were at risk level in males Group 1. Mean values for HDL-c were at risk level for girls Group 1 and 3 and males Group 3. Mean values for triglycerides were at risk level for girls Group 1 and 3 and males Group 2; but high levels werefound in males from Group 1 and 3. LDL-C was at aceptable values for all the groups. No hyperglicemia was found. Conclusion: Low and at risk HDL-c and high triglycerides as lipid profile in these obese children indicate a high risk for cardiovascular disease, being males the more affected. A high proportion of the children fulfilled three criteria for Metabolic Syndrome. Dietary control and modification on food pattern and physical activity should be implemented (AU)
Asunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Hiperglucemia/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Análisis de Varianza , Glucemia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Colesterol/sangre , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/prevención & control , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Triglicéridos , Venezuela/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/prevención & control , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangreRESUMEN
Some individuals with functional limitations or in some clinical or field areas have troubles to get stature and body weight measurement done. It does exist the alternative of estimating these variables from measurements of body segments like knee height (KH) and mid arm circumference (MAC). Of a sample of 113 healthy Venezuelan children, both sexes, 9 to 14 years of age, equations suggested by Ross Laboratories for estimating stature and body weight were applied. It was concluded that the need for an adjustment was evident which done using multiple regression analysis. This allowed us to generate estimated stature an weight by KH and MAC tables, for Venezuelan children.