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OBJECTIVE: This study is conducted as a bibliometric analysis to determine the trends in studies related to family-centered care in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Web of Science database was used to collect study data. A search was conducted on Web of Science using the keywords "family-centered care", "family centered care", "family-centred care", "family centred care", "family-integrated care", "family integrated care", "patient and family centered care", "patient- and family-centered care" and "child" or "pediatric" or "pediatrics" or "child" or "newborn" or "neonatal" or "adolescent" together. The VOSviewer program was used for data analysis and visualization. The analysis included the number of publications by year, distribution by journals, most cited studies, countries with the highest publication output, most frequently used keywords, and co-authorship dimensions, presented with visual maps. RESULTS: A total of 2525 studies conducted from 1980 onwards were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the initial publications related to the subject emerged in 1980, and the United States was identified as the country with the highest number of publications, based on the Web of Science database. The Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families (JPN) was determined as the journal with the highest number of publications, while the journal receiving the most citations was PEDIATRICS. CONCLUSION: The study found an increasing importance given to the Family-Centered Care Approach since the 1980s, with a majority of studies being descriptive in nature. It was determined that the studies were concentrated in the USA indicating a lack of global interest in the Family-Centered. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Nursing researchers can build upon this study in the field of family-centered care by conducting more specific and in-depth investigations. This contributes to adding new information to the nursing literature and filling gaps in this area.

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ABSRTACTThis study aims to investigate the life experiences of refugee children and examine the symbolic representations of these experiences in their drawings. In this study, the phenomenological research design, which is a qualitative research approach, was adopted. The study was carried out with 28 refugee children. The obtained qualitative data were analyzed through thematic coding. It has been found in this study that three themes "The Challenges of Immigration," "Living in A Country Without War," "Outlook for The Future." Refugee children experience challenges in many aspects, including but not limited to education, economic status and social life. It has been determined that despite the challenges they face, refugee children have embraced their host country, that they feel safe, and that most do not want to go back to their home countries as they fear for their lives. In this study, it has been concluded that refugee children experience various asylum-related issues. In line with the obtained data, it is recommended to pre-determine the mental and physical problems refugee children may face, ensure their protection, minimize their asylum-related issues, produce national and international policies on their access to education, health, and basic services and take other relevant necessary measures. Practice Implications: This study contributes to our better understanding of what difficulties migration causes in children's lives and how children experience this process. All the health professionals who have roles and responsibilities in the protection and development of the health of migrant children can take advantage from the results of the study.

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INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine the pediatric forensic case type and demographic characteristics of patients presenting to the emergency department. METHODS: This study was a medical record-based cohort design, with a descriptive correlational analysis. Records were retrieved from the emergency department of a university hospital, in the Central Anatolia Region, for visits between 2013 and 2018. The study population comprised 1,082 cases that were evaluated at the emergency department, as forensic cases, in children aged 0 to 18 years. The data were assessed, using descriptive statistical analyses and chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 24.1% of the pediatric cases were female, and 75.9% were male. The most frequent type of forensic cases, was from assault (55.2%), followed by 16.3% with sharp object injuries, 13.7% fall from height, 3.9% traffic accidents, 2.9% exposure to drugs and chemicals, and 8.0% from other causes. Most pediatric forensic cases, were adolescents (aged 13-18 years). There were significant differences by sex for assault (34.9% girls vs. 61.6% boys), fall from height (20.7% girls vs. 11.4% boys), exposure to drugs and chemicals (8.0% girls vs. 1.2% boys), and sexual abuse (6.1% girls vs. 1.0% boys) types of forensic cases. DISCUSSION: The study results have implications for nurses and health professionals to increase awareness of high-risk groups and diagnoses. This evidence can be used to inform standard protocols and education programs about pediatric forensic cases in emergency care.

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This study was conducted to determine neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses' opinions about the palliative care needs of neonates with multiple congenital anomalies. The study sample consisted of the 20 nurses who agreed to participate in the study and worked in the NICU between November and December 2017. A one-to-one interview method was utilized using a semistructured interview form. Written consent was obtained from participants and reconfirmed verbally prior to data collection. In the study, most of the nurses stated that the therapeutic medical treatment should not be started for dying neonates with multiple congenital anomalies. It was also found that nurses did not have enough palliative care knowledge for neonates. The palliative care needs of the neonates with multiple congenital anomalies in NICUs were found to be pain management, infection care, enhancing quality of life by avoiding unnecessary medical practices, skin care, the care of the baby in the ventilator, timely application of the treatment of neonates, and supporting family.

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OBJECTIVES: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the herbal supplement products used by mothers for their children to cope with some frequently encountered health problems in childhood. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 202 mothers who applied to family health centers between January and March 2017 and agreed to participate in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS: In this study, 41.5% of mothers used herbal supplement products for sore throat, 37.1% for nausea and vomiting, 28.2% for gas pain and indigestion, 26.7% for constipation, 17.8% for cough, and 12.3% for sleeping problems and calming their children down. Mothers used mint-lemon, fennel, linden, chamomile, apricot leaf, and anise teas, ginger, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), cumin water, rosemary, rosehip, and sage to cope with childhood age health problems. One half of mothers had chosen to use herbal products based on recommendations from their family members or close relatives. Doctors recommended herbal supplement products at a lower rate. Four-fifths of mothers obtained herbal supplement products from herbal sellers, markets, and gardens; only 17.3% of mothers bought the products from the pharmacy. CONCLUSION: Mothers used mint-lemon, fennel, linden, chamomile, apricot leaf, and anise teas, ginger, lemon balm, cumin water, rosemary, rosehip, and sage to treat children's symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal system disorders, and sleep problems. Very few of the mothers used herbal supplements with the advice of doctors.

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Background: Breastfeeding is the ideal source of nutrition for infants. Breastfeeding can affect sexual activity and sexual quality of women in the postpartum period. Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the effect of breastfeeding on sexual activity and sexual quality in postpartum women. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 161 breastfeeding and 176 nonbreastfeeding women who were cared for in the Family Health Centers utilizing the Descriptive Information Form and Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. Results: Half of the breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding women included in the study had cesarean delivery and the women in both groups reported changes in their sexual life (having less sexual intercourse, and suffering from dyspareunia) during the postpartum period. In the present study, 68.3% of the breastfeeding women and 47.7% of the nonbreastfeeding women experienced dyspareunia, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was also a statistical difference between the breastfeeding women and nonbreastfeeding women in terms of the types of changes experienced in sexual life (p < 0.05). The rate of the women who enjoyed sexual satisfaction more was higher in the nonbreastfeeding women (15.9%) than in the breastfeeding women (1.2%). The SQOL-F scale total mean score was 60.07 ± 9.88 in the breastfeeding women and 62.81 ± 9.66 in the nonbreastfeeding women, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, the sexual life quality mean scores between the breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding women were moderate and similar to each other. The fact was that the reported sexual life quality was similar in the breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding women despite the association of a lower sexual desire and frequency of intercourse in the breastfeeding group, suggesting that breastfeeding may serve as a sexual alternative for nursing mothers.

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BACKGROUND: Preterm infants spend the early days of their lives in neonatal intensive care units, where they undergo many minor painful procedures. There are many nonpharmacologic methods that can effectively reduce the pain response of neonates who undergo routine procedures. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate whether oral glucose and listening to lullabies could bring pain relief during the removal and reinsertion of the tracheal tube and also oronasopharyngeal suctioning in premature infants to whom nasal continuous positive airway pressure was applied. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit in the tertiary setting between November 2012 and September 2013. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: A total of 106 preterm infants were divided into three groups, including 37 infants in the control group, 35 infants in the lullaby group, and 34 infants in the glucose group. METHODS: All preterm infants were randomly assigned to either the intervention groups or the control group. Pain responses were assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and the Premature Infant Pain Profile. RESULTS: An assessment of the pain severity of the preterm infants after the intervention indicated that the preterm infants in the lullaby and glucose groups had lower pain, whereas the preterm infants in the control group experienced more pain (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that pain could be reduced significantly in preterm infants after the suggested intervention, although further studies are required to identify the benefits of lullabies or glucose in infants during other painful procedures.

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Hepatitis A is a worldwide vaccine-preventable infection. The aim of our study was to determine the serological status of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among first-year nursing students in Turkey. A sample of 423 students was used and immunoglobulin G antibodies against HAV were determined quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on each. Overall, 84.6% had no immunity to HAV, making them at risk for HAV, and so susceptible to nosocomial transmission. Nursing students who work in high-risk wards must be vaccinated against hepatitis A.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this randomized controlled experimental study was to evaluate the effect of the smells of amniotic fluid, breast milk, and lavender on the pain of newborns during heel lance. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 102 newborn infants who complied with the sampling criteria between August and November, 2011. The newborns smelled the samples (lavender, breast milk, amniotic fluid, and distilled water) for 5 minutes before the heel lance until 5 minutes afterward. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), heart rate, and oxygen saturation were evaluated 1 minute before, during, and 1 minute after the heel lance. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, chi-square, intraclass correlation analysis, Spearman's rho correlation, Bonferroni's advanced analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, and Dunnett's tests. RESULTS: The newborns in the control group had severe pain and the newborns in the breast milk, amniotic fluid, and lavender groups had moderate pain during the heel lance (p < 0.05). While the NIPS score of the newborns in the lavender group was lower than the breast milk and amniotic fluid groups during the heel lance, it was lower in the breast milk and amniotic fluid groups than the lavender group afterward. The lowest falls in oxygen saturation and increased in heart rate were in the breast milk and lavender groups during heel the lance. CONCLUSION: The smells of lavender and breast milk prevent the increased heart rates, NIPS, falling oxygen saturation, and reduced pain during the invasive procedures in newborns more than amniotic fluid or control group.

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Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) are vaccine-preventable diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the vaccination status of first-year nursing students in Turkey. The sample used was 180 students and immunoglobulin G antibodies against MMRV viruses were determined quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunity rates to MMRV were 82.8%, 83.3%, 98.3%, and 100%, respectively. The results of this study showed that all of the students were immune to varicella and 32.8% of the students were not immune to at least 1 of the viruses covered by the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.

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The purpose of this descriptive and analytic study is to investigate the effect on anxiety levels of nurses' empathic tendency after experiencing death of patients in the paediatric intensive care unit. No sampling method was used in this study, and all 58 nurses working in the paediatric intensive care unit that agreed to participate in the study were included. The score mean of Empathic Tendency Scale for nurses was 77.43 ± 4.55, their score mean of trait anxiety inventory was 39.82 ± 5.53 and their score mean of state anxiety inventory was 48.03 ± 6.80. This study concluded that nurses had a mild trait anxiety level under normal conditions and experienced moderate anxiety levels when faced with death. This study concluded that the empathic tendency of nurses working in the paediatric intensive care unit had no effect on their anxiety levels when faced with death; however, the anxiety level of nurses decreased as their empathic trends increased.

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PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of baby massage on attachment between mothers and their newborns. METHODS: This study was carried out from June 2008 to February 2010 in a quasi-experimental design (57 in the experimental group, 60 in the control group). Between the dates of the study, all healthy primipara mothers and their healthy babies were included. Data were collected regarding their demographic characteristics and by using the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI). All mothers were assessed on the first and the last days of the 38-day study period. In the experimental group, the babies received a 15-minute massage therapy session everyday during the 38 days. RESULTS: There was no significant difference found in the pretest mean value baseline of the MAI score in both groups. The posttest mean values of the MAI of the experimental group mothers (90.87 ± 10.76) were significantly higher than those of control group (85.10 ± 15.50). There was a significant difference between groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The results of the study have shown that baby massage is effective in increasing the mother-infant attachment.

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In five neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in two cities, the hand hygiene applications of 72 nurses included in this observational study have been investigated. The research was conducted between February and June 2007. It was found that before entering the NICUs, majority of nurses have washed their hands but used much less alcohol-based antiseptics; more than half of the nurses did not use gloves, and 50 of them did not wash their hands before care and one-third of the nurses did not wash their hands after care after neonatal treatments. The results obtained from our research showed that most of the nurses paid more attention to hand washing before applying medical treatment.

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INTRODUCTION: The approach of the residents of central Kars, Turkey, to emergencies in our conservative district is shaped by the effect of the culture. In emergency actions, many traditional approaches are preferred, using herbs and other available materials. Some of these approaches might be directly hazardous and some create danger indirectly as they prolong the treatment period. METHODS: The study was performed using a one-group pretest/posttest design. Data were collected between June 3, 2006, and August 28, 2007. Two thousand sixty mothers completed the sociodemographic pretest and survey and attended the educational program. The final sample included 1754 mothers who completed the sociodemographic and pretest survey, attended the educational program, and completed the posttest survey. The posttest survey was administered 6 months following the educational program. RESULTS: In this study; the percentage of mothers resorting to traditional approaches in the pretest were at burns, 29.0%; lacerations, 21.4%; fractures, 25.7%; and poisoning, 45.1%; and in the posttest burns, 16.1%; lacerations, 12.7%; fractures, 15.6%; and poisoning, 34.4%. Mothers with higher educational levels were less likely to use traditional practices and the educational program significantly reduced the prevalence of using traditional practices. The training program had a positive effect in decreasing the incidence of resorting to traditional practices for certain emergencies. DISCUSSION: It was proven that the application of various harmful traditional practices had been used in first aid cases and that the rate decreased in the post training period. It is interesting to note that an additional 540 mothers who did not complete the pretest and sociodemographic questionnaire also attended the educational program because word of the program had spread throughout the region.

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PURPOSE: There are no interventional study results directed at maternal identity development education, including all stages of maternity role attainment, for expectant mothers with healthy babies. This research was conducted to assess the effect of maternal identity development education on the maternity role attainment and my baby perception of primigravidas. METHODS: The research was carried out by using pretest-posttest quasi-experimental model with control group. A total of 120 mothers and their babies participated in this study. In the collection of the data, Personal Information Form, Semantic Differentation Scale-Myself as Mother and My Baby and the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale were used. RESULTS: It was detected that the training of identification development given for the mothers increased score averages taken from the scales of Myself as Mother, My Baby and the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale; this increase was statistically significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale post-test score averages and scales of Myself as Mother and My Baby. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses should offer maternal identity development education, support the baby perception process in the early postnatal stages, and help develop the self-confidence of the mother in order for mothers to develop successful motherhood behaviors. Maternal identity development education should be routinely offered to all expectant mothers by specialized nurses, not just to primigravidas. There is a requirement for similar studies to be conducted on broader populations related to the subject.

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Burn can be among the most severe physical and psychologic traumas a person may face. Patients with burns commonly have severe itching and pain. Severe itching has also been associated with anxiety, sleep disturbance, and disruption of daily living activities. The addition of complementary treatments to standard care may lead to improved pain management and may offer a safer approach for reducing pain and procedural anxiety for patients with burns. The authors conducted an experimental study to examine whether the effects of massage therapy reduced burned adolescents' pain, itching, and anxiety levels. Sixty-three adolescents were enrolled in this study shortly after admission (mean days = 3 +/- 0.48) at a burn unit in a large university hospital from February 2008 to June 2009. The measures including the pain, itching, and state anxiety were collected on the first and last days of the 5-week study period. The participants had an average age of 14.07 +/- 1.78 years and came usually from the lower socioeconomic strata. The authors observed that massage therapy reduced all these measures from the first to the last day of this study (P < .001). In most cultures, massage treatments are used to alleviate a wide range of symptoms. Although health professionals agree on the use of nonpharmacologic method for patients with burns, these applications are not yet common.

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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to adopt the Child Feeding Scale (CFS) to the Turkish language and culture and to assess the validity and the reliability of the Turkish version of the scale. METHODS: The research was methodological study design. A convenience sample of 158 mothers at a primary health care center completed a structured questionnaire including the CFS for mothers in 2008. RESULTS: In the assessment of construct validity, seven factors were identified; they related to Perceived Responsibility, Perceived Parent Weight, Perceived Child Weight, Concern About Child Weight, Pressure to Eat, Restriction, and Monitoring. The seven factors explained 57.6% of the total variance. The overall internal reliability coefficient of this scale was .75. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence of the CFS's validity and reliability. The scale has potential applications for use in research. The CFS can be used to assess aspects of child-feeding perceptions, attitudes, and practices and their relationships to children's developing food acceptance patterns, the control of food intake and obesity.

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PURPOSE: Recently, the high activity of arginase enzyme has been observed in the sera of malignant neoplasms. In this pathogenic condition, it is said that arginase strongly inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and plays a role in providing ornithine as a substrate for biosynthesis of polyamines, which have been found in various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the arginase activity levels in breast cancer as a marker. METHODS: We evaluated the serum arginase activity levels in 48 females with breast cancer, in 30 females with benign disease, and in 50 healthy control subjects. The serum arginase activities were determined according to the slightly modified method of Chinard. RESULTS: The mean activity of arginase was found to be high in the early stages (n = 27, stage I + II, P < 0.01), and higher in the advanced states (n = 21, stage III + IV, P < 0.001) of the malignant group in comparison with those of the normal subjects. CONCLUSION: A high arginase level in breast cancer was observed to possibly be released into the serum: namely, the more advanced the breast cancer, the higher the serum level of arginase enzyme activity. Therefore, this enzyme might serve as a useful biological marker in breast cancer while also being an indicator of breast cancer progression.

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