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Resumen Los biobancos son una innovadora herramienta biotecnológica y un recurso fundamental para el continuo avance en la investigación científica biomédica, y para el advenimiento de la medicina de precisión. Se han desarrollado de forma exponencial durante los últimos 20 años en el mundo, como también a nivel de nuestro país, con la creación de 10 biobancos desde el año 2004. En ellos se almacenan y organizan distintos tipos de muestras biológicas, asociadas a datos epidemiológicos y genéticos de donantes voluntarios. Todos los especímenes almacenados deben ser preservados con estándares de calidad garantizados, a modo de asegurar trazabilidad, integridad y calidad de las muestras. A pesar de que la mantención de un biobanco puede significar altos costos, a fin de cuentas, abaratan costos de los estudios clínicos, dado que es precisamente el biobanco quien se encarga de la obtención de datos y muestras clínicas confiables, permitiendo realizar múltiples estudios a partir de las mismas muestras. A través de este proceso, los biobancos permiten mantener una fuente confiable de recur-sos para la investigación en diversas áreas de la medicina, dentro de ellas la otorrinolaringología. En otorrinolaringología, los biobancos han significado un gran avance, facilitando la investigación en relación con hipoacusia, presbiacusia y tinnitus, así como en el área oncológica. En un futuro, se espera que la comunidad científica haga uso de este recurso, pudiendo expandir su utilidad no solo en el área médica, sino también en otras profesiones de la salud, maximizando así su gigantesco potencial.

Abstract Biobanks are novel biotechnological tools and a fundamental resource for the constant development of biomedical research, as much as for the growing practice of precision medicine. They have proliferated worldwide over the past 20 years and Chile has not been left behind with the creation of 10 bio-banks since 2004. Biobanks store and organize different types of biological samples associated with epidemiological and genetic data from volunteer donors. These samples are stored and preserved under guaranteed quality standards to ensure their traceability, integrity, and quality. Even though the price of maintaining a biobank may seem high, after all, they reduce the costs of research, since biobanks are responsible of the acquisition and storage of data and samples, allowing the performance of multiple studies from the same collection of specimens. In this direction, biobanks grant a constant source of well-founded scientific material for investigation in a wide range of medical fields, such as otolaryngology among them. In otolaryngology, the biobanks have meant a great improvement, facilitating investigations related to deafness, presbycusis, tinnitus and oncology. In the future we hope the scientific community will expand the use this innovative tool over a broader medical field and towards other health-related professions, making the most of its enormous potential.

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Digestive intolerance to food proteins may occur in childhood as a result of a wide range of etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Cow milk protein intolerance is the most common form of food intolerance in children. Food allergy and food intolerance may be confused because both produce similar symptoms, especially in young children with clinical manifestations of food allergy localized to the gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, food-sensitive enteropathy may be defined as the clinical food-related syndromes associated with an abnormal small intestinal mucosa. Although several foods have been reported to damage the small intestinal mucosa in infancy (soy, rice, fish, chicken meat, egg), cow milk-sensitive enteropathy is the most common cause. Whatever the mechanisms, digestive intolerance to food proteins with or without enteropathy is primarily a temporary condition of infancy, in contrast to most forms of food allergy. In children with these disorders, symptoms usually resolve by 1 to 3 years of age. The variation in prevalence rates of this disorder in different countries can be explained by different diagnostic criteria. The classic food-sensitive enteropathy syndromes with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive in infancy have become rarer in some European countries, including Spain. Some risk factors for the development of these conditions appear to be early exposure to cow milk feedings, acute infectious diarrhea, and malnutrition. Breast-feeding appears to be at least partially protective.

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Permeability test with sugars (PTS) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool is of special interest in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the relationship between PTS and antigliadin antibodies (AA) with the intestinal biopsy and studied whether an altered expired hydrogen test (EHT) could interfere in this relation in celiac patients. Thirty children (13 girls, 17 boys) with diagnosis of celiac disease (ESPGAN criteria) were divided into three groups according to this histopathology: Group A (n = 23) normal biopsy; Group B (n = 7) biopsy grade III or IV; Group C (n = 25) controls. The intestinal permeability test showed significative differences (p < 0.01) of Group B (0.159 +/- 0.03) with Group A (0.048 +/- 0.005) and with the control Group C (0.039 +/- 0.002). The cut-off for the Youden maximum index (0.75) was 0.092 and ROC SE 0.87 +/- 0.7. The results of the AA were related to those of the PTS. The variance analysis showed that the results of the expired hydrogen test do not interfere statistically on the good correlation of PTS with the histology. The PTS is a good indicator of the status of intestinal mucosa. There is a good correlation between PTS and AA in celiac children. A pathological expired hydrogen test seems not to interfere with the correlation found between PTS and histological damage in our series.

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Permeability test with sugars (PTS) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool is of special interest in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the relationship between PTS and antigliadin antibodies (AA) with the intestinal biopsy and studied whether an altered expired hydrogen test (EHT) could interfere in this relation in celiac patients. Thirty children (13 girls, 17 boys) with diagnosis of celiac disease (ESPGAN criteria) were divided into three groups according to this histopathology: Group A (n = 23) normal biopsy; Group B (n = 7) biopsy grade III or IV; Group C (n = 25) controls. The intestinal permeability test showed significative differences (p < 0.01) of Group B (0.159 +/- 0.03) with Group A (0.048 +/- 0.005) and with the control Group C (0.039 +/- 0.002). The cut-off for the Youden maximum index (0.75) was 0.092 and ROC SE 0.87 +/- 0.7. The results of the AA were related to those of the PTS. The variance analysis showed that the results of the expired hydrogen test do not interfere statistically on the good correlation of PTS with the histology. The PTS is a good indicator of the status of intestinal mucosa. There is a good correlation between PTS and AA in celiac children. A pathological expired hydrogen test seems not to interfere with the correlation found between PTS and histological damage in our series.

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Permeability test with sugars (PTS) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool is of special interest in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the relationship between PTS and antigliadin antibodies (AA) with the intestinal biopsy and studied whether an altered expired hydrogen test (EHT) could interfere in this relation in celiac patients. Thirty children (13 girls, 17 boys) with diagnosis of celiac disease (ESPGAN criteria) were divided into three groups according to this histopathology: Group A (n = 23) normal biopsy; Group B (n = 7) biopsy grade III or IV; Group C (n = 25) controls. The intestinal permeability test showed significative differences (p < 0.01) of Group B (0.159 +/- 0.03) with Group A (0.048 +/- 0.005) and with the control Group C (0.039 +/- 0.002). The cut-off for the Youden maximum index (0.75) was 0.092 and ROC SE 0.87 +/- 0.7. The results of the AA were related to those of the PTS. The variance analysis showed that the results of the expired hydrogen test do not interfere statistically on the good correlation of PTS with the histology. The PTS is a good indicator of the status of intestinal mucosa. There is a good correlation between PTS and AA in celiac children. A pathological expired hydrogen test seems not to interfere with the correlation found between PTS and histological damage in our series.

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