RESUMEN
The decision of protein problem on contaminated by radionuclides territories as a result of the accident on Chernobyl NPP is not possible without increase of the sowing areas legumes crops (peas, lupine, soybean). Introduction in agricultural manufacture of grades with a low level of accumulation radionuclides (peas--Aist, Polesskay, Gomelskay Agat; soybean--Severnaya zvezda, Mageva) will allow to receive agricultural production adequate "Republican allowable levels of the contents of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural raw material and forages" on arable lands at their higher density of radioactive contamination: 137Cs--1300-1480 kBq/m2 (35.0-40.0 Ci/km2): 90Sr--18.5-37.0 kBq/m2 (0.50-1.00 Ci/km2).
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Cesio/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Contaminación Radiactiva de Alimentos , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Productos Agrícolas/química , Fabaceae/química , República de Belarús , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisisRESUMEN
On the basis of agronomical, economic and radiological estimations of results of long-term researches with organic fertilizers (peat, sapropel, manure, mixes manure and peat) it is established, that is effective at improvement of the waterless meadows on sod-podsolic sandy soils contaminated by radionuclides to bring in 40-60 t/ha mixes manure and peat or covering the manure, on a background liming and mineral fertilizers (level of profitability--4.8-8.7%), providing reception of the maximal increase of a crop (6.0-7.5 t/ha of hay) and decrease to 10 times of size of transfer factors of 137Cs and to 3.0 times 90Sr in a crop of long-term cereal herbs (size of the prevented collective doze, deltaD - 0.0060-0.0065 man-Sv per one year; cost of the prevented collective doze, deltaepsilon--11500-13000 $ on 1 man-Sv annually. The application of 40 and 60 t/ga of peat and sapropel in the pure state on a background liming and mineral fertilizers is not expedient, as cost of additional production does not cover total expenses for their entering (level of profitability--20-32.0%), the and cost of the prevented collective doze exceeds 20000 $ US per 1 man-Sv annually.
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Química Agrícola , Fertilizantes/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , República de BelarúsRESUMEN
The radiological estimation of the basic agrochemistry measures spent for the agriculture of the Republic of Belarus in 2000-2005 is given. Laws of behavior radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in agrosystems are considered depending on used protective a measures (countermeasures) and the primary goals on liquidation of consequences in sphere of agrarian and industrial complex which are necessary for solving during the remote period after accident ChNNP (in 2006-2010) are studied.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Productos Agrícolas , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Protección Radiológica/métodos , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Agricultura/organización & administración , Agricultura/normas , Agricultura/tendencias , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Productos Agrícolas/química , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Productos Agrícolas/normas , Fertilizantes , República de Belarús , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , UcraniaRESUMEN
For prognosis of accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in forages harvested in radionuclide contaminated sod-podzolic soils, it is suggested to use transfer factors (TF9a) (Bq/kg)/(kBq/m2)) established not only by the content of mobile potassium (137Cs, r = -0.53) and the value of exchange acidity (90Sr, r = -0.73), but also by the index of agrochemical soil cultivation I(cd) (137Cs, r = -0.69; 90Sr, r = -0.64). The possibility of obtaining forages conforming to the state standards on the haymaking and pasture areas with high density of radioactive contamination of soils was shown by the example of "Sudkovo" collective farm. The approach is based on achievement of a high degree of cultivation (l(cd) - 0.81-1.0) due to a complex of protective measures, which resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the specific activity of 137Cs and a 4-fold decrease in the activity of 90Sr, compared to the soils with a low degree of cultivation (I(cd) - 0.41-0.60).
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Agroquímicos , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Agroquímicos/análisis , Modelos Teóricos , República de Belarús , Espectrometría gammaRESUMEN
On the basis of long-term stationary experience it was established that the minimum accumulation quantities for 137Cs and 90Sr in the herbage of the dry, lowland and flood-plain types of the Belarus Polessje meadows contaminated with Chemobyl radionuclides are determined when the optimum of basic agrochemical soil properties is achieved with application of the scientifically reasonable protective measures. For remote prognosis of radionuclide contents in natural and cultural meadow herbage the use of transfer factors (TFa, (Bq/kg)(kBq/m2)) based on the complex agrochemical parameters--agrochemical cultivation soil index (Icd) and basic saturation degree (V, %), which take into account some soil characteristics simultaneously, is a streamlined approach. This paper provides the equations of linear and multiple regressions, which can be used to calculate the transfer factors for 137Cs and 90Sr uptake and the herbage contamination degree for the main types of meadows of the region, that will allow reducing the volume of forage production (hay, green bulk), which is not adequate to established permissible levels: "Republican allowable levels of the contents of 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural raw material and forages".
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Contaminación Radiactiva de Alimentos/prevención & control , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Alimentación Animal/normas , Química Agrícola , República de Belarús , Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
In the field experiment the influence of manure, peat, lake silt and their combinations on the uptake of 90Sr by barley, corn and potatoes was studied. Saturation of soil with organic substance, the decrease in soil acidity resulted in the lower accumulation of 90Sr by plants. In the beginning of the experiment, the specific activity of barley grain was from 75 to 132 Bq/kg. After three years of application of fertilizers the content of 90Sr in the barley grain decreased to 39 Bq/kg. There were no increase in 90Sr accumulation by the basic field crops with time.