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BACKGROUND: In 2007, Gockel et al. coined the term mesopancreas (MP). In the next 10 years, a limited number of publications about MP have been published, but little is known about the oncological benefit of MP resection. We performed a systematic review of the literature on MP. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Latindex, Scielo, and Koreamed databases until 15 June 2017 to identify all published articles dealing with the subject of MP. Some language restriction was done (Chinese and Rumanian). RESULTS: The search yielded 51 articles; 28 articles were selected as relevant. All were retrospective studies focused more on describing technical variants, feasibility and safety than on the cancer results. The R0 rate in patients with MP resection ranged between 57 and 96.7%. In all the articles with a control group, the R0 rate was higher in the MP excision group. Survival data were explicitly stated only in five series. CONCLUSION: MP is a difficult-to-excise retropancreatic area. In theory, it is agreed that MP excision raises the rate of R0 resections, which in turn reflected in an improvement in the oncological results; however, at present there are no randomized studies to prove this. Achieving a worldwide consensus on its concept, landmarks, excision technique and oncological results is essential.
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Páncreas , Humanos , Páncreas/patología , Páncreas/fisiología , Páncreas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Pancreaticoduodenectomía/métodos , Pancreaticoduodenectomía/tendencias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
Geminiviruses are probably the most important viral pathogen affecting tomatoes and other crops in the Caribbean region. In addition to losses previously caused by native virus populations, the introduction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) into the area has become a major concern for tomato growers (1). Since the detection of TYLCV in Cuba, and later in Florida (2,3), we have been monitoring the tomato- and pepper-growing areas of the Yucatán Peninsula, México, for TYLCV. We also have reanalyzed samples previously collected. Other geminiviruses (pepper huasteco virus [PHV], Texas pepper virus [TPV], and tomato mottle virus [ToMoV]) in the area can cause symptoms similar to those induced by TYLCV, which led us to refine our analysis of samples, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure that can differentiate between monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses based on the size of the amplification product, 750 and 600 bp, respectively. One advantage of using this set of primers is that the PCR product, which includes the amino terminus of the Rep protein, intergenic region, precoat protein, and amino terminus of the coat protein, can be sequenced completely with only one sequencing reaction from each end. Using the primer set, we analyzed samples collected from tomato and pepper fields (as well as from weeds surrounding the fields) from December 1996 until March 1999. In most cases, samples were taken from plants that showed yellowing, curling, and stunting symptoms. Most of the samples that were positive for geminiviruses came from plants infected with PHV or TPV. However, three tomato samples collected during two seasons in Dzidzantun and Yobain counties (northeast of Mérida, Yucatan) produced the larger PCR amplification product (750 bp) expected for monopartite begomoviruses. PCR products were cloned and sequenced to confirm their identity. The sequence was deposited in the GenBank Database (Accession no. AF168709) and compared with all geminivirus sequences deposited in the database. Analysis showed that the amplified fragment from the TYLCV strain present in the Yucatán is 99% identical to the isolate reported in the Dominican Republic and later found in Cuba (2). As previously noted, the isolate is almost identical to TYLCV-Isr (2). In addition to the PCR product, a full-length TYLCV clone was obtained directly from DNA extracts of an infected tomato plant. Further characterization of the full-length clone is underway. The fact that TYLCV was detected in two counties and in samples collected during two seasons confirms the presence of TYLCV in the Yucatán. Interestingly, although the first positive sample for TYLCV was collected during the winter of 1996 and 1997, current incidence is rather low-only two other positive samples have been detected in more recently collected samples. Perhaps the characteristics of the agriculture system in the Yucatán (small, disperse plots) or the presence of other geminiviruses have contributed to a slow spread of the virus. More comprehensive surveys are required to confirm the actual distribution of the pathogen in the area. References: (1) J. E. Polston et al. Plant Dis. 81:1358, 1997. (2) J. E. Polston et al. Plant Dis. 83:984, 1999. (3) P. L. Ramos et al. Plant Dis. 80:1208, 1996.
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The biology of planktotrophic larvae of Concholepas concholepas is the main bottleneck towards developing biotechnologies to rear this muricid. Data concerning planktonic larvae development, diets and environmental signals triggering larval settlement and recruitment is scarce. We have begun the study of the molecular and cell biology of embryos, larvae and recruits having as a final goal, the development of appropriate biotechnologies to rear this gastropod. First, an inverse ratio between BuChE and AChE enzyme activities was established. This ratio may be a precise developmental marker for this species. Second, for the first time a phosphoinositide related regulatory pathway is reported in a muricid, opening a new approach to the biotechnological management of larvae. Third, the relation between sulfate in sea water and larval motility was studied. Concentrations below 125 microM sulfate decreases larval motility. The sulfate is incorporated in proteoglycans which participate in different developmental phenomena. Lastly, a genomic Concholepas concholepas DNA sequence, similar to that of a human growth hormone probe was detected. This is very interesting since growth factors are key molecules during development, growth and are involved in food conversion rates in fish and also, in a variety of marine invertebrates.
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Colinesterasas/metabolismo , Moluscos/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositoles/metabolismo , Animales , ADN/genética , Sustancias de Crecimiento/fisiología , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/metabolismo , Moluscos/genética , Moluscos/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo en 975 historias clínicas de pacientes egresados del Servicio de Cirugía General del I.N.S.N. entre 1979 y 1983 con el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda, con la finalidad de determinar la incidencia de absceso residual intraabdominal postapendicectomía y algunos factores predisponentes asi como su morbimortalidad. Se encontró una incidencia de 6.1% de A.R.I. postapendicectomía la que aumenta significativamente pasadas las 24 horas de enfermedad y al no invaginar el muñon apendicular. El 94.9% de los casos de A.R.I. presentó perforación del apéndice y el 62% peritonitis generalizada. Su localización mas frecuente fue el fondo de saco de Douglas y sólo tres pacientes no recibieron antibióticos en el postoperatorio. Fallecieron dos pacientes (3.38% )
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Presión ArterialRESUMEN
The usefulness of a single Widal test to diagnose typhoid fever in endemic areas was investigated. Reciprocal Salmonella typhi O and H titers greater than or equal to 40 and greater than or equal to 80, respectively, occurred in approximately 90% of 42 Mexican patients with bacteriologically-confirmed typhoid fever at the time of presentation to hospital and, by day 4 to 5 of clinical illness, in 70% of U.S. adult volunteers who developed typhoid fever in the course of vaccine efficacy trials but in only 0.7% (O) to 3% (H) of 275 healthy individuals from a non-endemic area. Healthy Peruvians from areas endemic for typhoid fever commonly had antibody which was age-related. Peak prevalence was found in 15- to 19-yr-olds in whom 29% had O titers greater than or equal to 40 and 76% had H titers greater than or equal to 80. A single Widal test in an unvaccinated individual showing elevated O and H titers is strongly suggestive of typhoid fever if the person comes from a non-endemic area or is a child less than 10 yr of age in an endemic area. Because of the high prevalence of antibody amongst healthy invididuals over 10 yr of age in endemic, areas, a single Widal test offers virtually no diagnostic assistance in adolescents and adults.