RESUMEN
On the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the effect of therapy with low-molecular-weight peptides on restructuring and functional activity of bronchial epithelium for restoring the immune and barrier function of the lungs and prevention of inflammatory process progression was studied. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was modeled in rats by 60-day intermittent exposure to NO2. Administration of tetrapeptide Bronchogen for 1 month eliminates symptoms of remodeling of the bronchial epithelium and lung tissue typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, lymphocytic infiltration and emphysema, and restoration of ciliated cells). Enhanced production of secretory IgA, a local immunity marker, attested to normalization of functional activity of bronchial epithelium, while normalization of cell composition and profile of proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar space reflected reduction of neutrophilic inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Hiperplasia/prevención & control , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfisema Pulmonar/prevención & control , Mucosa Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos del Sistema Respiratorio/farmacología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Cilios/efectos de los fármacos , Cilios/inmunología , Cilios/patología , Células Caliciformes/efectos de los fármacos , Células Caliciformes/inmunología , Células Caliciformes/patología , Hiperplasia/inducido químicamente , Hiperplasia/inmunología , Hiperplasia/patología , Inmunoglobulina A/biosíntesis , Interleucina-8/biosíntesis , Interleucina-8/inmunología , Elastasa de Leucocito/biosíntesis , Elastasa de Leucocito/inmunología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Dióxido de Nitrógeno , Oligopéptidos/síntesis química , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/inmunología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/patología , Enfisema Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Enfisema Pulmonar/inmunología , Enfisema Pulmonar/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Mucosa Respiratoria/inmunología , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Fármacos del Sistema Respiratorio/síntesis química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of neuromedin for the treatment of sensorineural loss of hearing of different etiology. A total of 230 patients at the age varying from 20 to 60 years presenting with sensorineural impairment of hearing were available for the observation. Neuromedin was administered intramuscularly at 15 mg/day (1.5% solution at a dose of 1.0 ml) for 10 day; thereafter, the patients took 20 mg neuromedin tablets thrice daily during one month. The majority of the patients reported an improvement of hearing and speech intelligibility. Complete restoration of hearing was documented in certain patients presenting with acute sensorineural impairment of hearing.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuroquinina B/análogos & derivados , Neurotransmisores/farmacología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuroquinina B/administración & dosificación , Neuroquinina B/farmacología , Neurotransmisores/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, produced in rats by 60-day exposure to nitrogen dioxide, the effect of different options of combination therapy (corticosteroids, anticholinergics, adrenergic agonists) on the functional state of the bronchi was studied. The contractile activity of strips of the bronchi caused by nerve or smooth muscle stimulation was evaluated. Corticosteroid monotherapy resulted in deterioration of the functional state of the bronchial wall neuromuscular apparatus due to corticosteroid resistance, evolving under the influence of long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Application of M-anticholinergic tiotropium had a beneficial effect on the functional state of the bronchi smooth muscles, leading to the full restoration of the bronchial wall contractile activity and removal the morphological manifestations of inflammatory lung tissue remodeling. Most effective in terms of impact on the functional state of the bronchial wall neuromuscular apparatus was corticosteroid therapy combined with M-cholinolytik or beta2-adrenoagonist.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapéutico , Broncoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Derivados de Escopolamina/uso terapéutico , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Ratas , Bromuro de TiotropioAsunto(s)
Coristoma , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Mediastino , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/cirugía , Paratiroidectomía , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
A method for experimental reproduction of stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease formation (from acute inflammation to bronchopulmonary tissue restructuring characteristic of this disease) is presented. Lung injury and inflammation were induced by nitrogen dioxide. Hyperplasia and hypersecretion of goblet cells, squamous cell metaplasia of the ciliary epithelium, emphysema, and focal fibrosis served as the morphological substrate for the formation of bronchial obstruction. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by signs characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: hyperexpression of CD3 lymphocytes in the bronchial wall and parenchyma, manifold increased production of TNFα and TGFß, high concentrations of circulating pathogenic immune complexes. Persistence of the structural and functional shifts throughout 6 months after exposure to nitrogen dioxide indicated a chronic course of the resultant pathological process.